record, Villancicos cubanos

Name/Title

record, "Villancicos cubanos"

Entry/Object ID

ACS-000163

Description

In Christmas of 1959, the General Directorate of Culture of Cuba's Ministry of Education directed the album Villancicos Cubanos under the Puchito record company. The songs were performed by the Coro de Madrigalistas de la Habana and directed by Manuel Ochoa. The album boasts both old and contemporary choral arrangements, drawing on various Cuban musical traditions. Tracks 1-6 on Side A, 7-14 on Side B.

Collection

The Cabrera Arús family collection

Acquisition

Accession

2025.1

Album Detail

Contributors

Contributor

Manuel Ochoa

Role

Director

Contributor

Coro de Madrigalistas

Role

Performer

Contributor

Carmelina Rosell

Role

Singer

Contributor

Marta Pérez

Role

Singer

Contributor

Laurence Davis

Role

Keyboard Player

Contributor

Gisela Hernández Gonzalo

Role

Liner Notes

Record Label

Puchito Records

Release Date

1959

Place Recorded

City

Havana

Country

Cuba

Region

Central America

Language

Spanish

Track Details

Title

Una nave mercantil

Track Contributors

Contributor

Esteban Salas

Role

Composer

Track Notes

Originally written in 1791; Performed by mixed chorus

Title

Pues logra ya

Track Contributors

Contributor

Esteban Salas

Role

Composer

Track Notes

Performed by mixed chorus

Title

Guiame a belen

Track Contributors

Contributor

Olga de Blanck

Role

Composer

Contributor

María Julia Casanova

Role

Lyricist

Contributor

Gisela Hernández Gonzalo

Role

Orchestration

Track Notes

Originally written in 1949; performed by voice and piano

Title

Villancico criollo

Track Contributors

Contributor

Edgardo Martin

Role

Composer

Contributor

Dora Carvajal

Role

Lyricist

Track Notes

Originally written in 1953; performed by female chorus

Title

Cancion al niño Jesus

Track Contributors

Contributor

Harold Gramatges

Role

Composer

Contributor

Gerardo Diego

Role

Lyricist

Track Notes

Originally written in 1959; performed by a mixed chorus

Title

Triptico de villancicos cubanos (I. Navidad guajira II. Al niño le gusta el son III. Flor de pascua bendita)

Track Contributors

Contributor

César Pérez Sentenat

Role

Composer

Contributor

Manuel Ochoa

Role

Orchestration

Contributor

Carmelina Rosell

Role

Singer

Contributor

Laurence Davis

Role

Pianist

Track Notes

Originally written in 1949; performed by voice and piano

Title

Son de navidad

Track Contributors

Contributor

Gisela Hernández Gonzalo

Role

Composer

Track Notes

Originally written in 1949; performed by a mixed chorus

Title

Palmas reales

Track Contributors

Contributor

Gisela Hernández Gonzalo

Role

Composer

Contributor

Concha Méndez

Role

Lyricist

Track Notes

Originally written in 1948; performed by a mixed chorus

Title

Adios, Belenista

Track Contributors

Contributor

Roberto Marín

Role

Composer

Contributor

Dora Carvajal

Role

Lyricist

Track Notes

Originally written in 1957; performed by a mixed chorus

Title

Brazo de mi cruz

Track Contributors

Contributor

Carlo Borbolla

Role

Composer

Contributor

Fifina del Castillo

Role

Lyricist

Contributor

Marta Pérez

Role

Singer

Contributor

Laurence Davis

Role

Pianist

Track Notes

Originally written in 1957; performed by voice and piano

Title

He bajao los cerros

Track Contributors

Contributor

Carlo Borbolla

Role

Composer

Contributor

Lía Gómez

Role

Lyricist

Contributor

Marta Pérez

Role

Singer

Contributor

Laurence Davis

Role

Pianist

Track Notes

Originally written in 1957; performed by voice and piano

Title

Ofrenda de un guajirito

Track Contributors

Contributor

Hno. Alfredo Gabriel

Role

Composer

Contributor

Manuel Ochoa

Role

Orchestration

Contributor

Juan Barturen

Role

Singer

Track Notes

Originally written in 1956; performed by voice and piano

Title

Guajiro Canta

Track Contributors

Contributor

Mercedes Pedroso de Douglas

Role

Composer

Contributor

Carmelina Rosell

Role

Singer

Contributor

Pedro Julio del Valle

Role

Guitarist

Track Notes

Originally written in 1957; performed by voice and guitar

Title

Mensaje de navidad

Track Contributors

Contributor

Carmelina Rosell

Track Notes

Originally written in 1959; performed by voice, male chorus, and piano

Inscription/Signature/Marks

Type

Inscription

Location

Back cover notes

Transcription

Se llamó villancico en la Edad Media a cierta forma de poesía popular española compuesta por un estribillo inicial seguido de una o más estrofas al final de las cuales volvía a repetirse el estribillo. De ahí que se llamara también villancico, a la canción popular de los villanos o aldeanos medievales que acompañaban esta forma de versos en la siguiente sucesión melódica: estribillo-mudanza-vuelta. Los villancicos primitivos eran corales y se cantaban a la manera responsorial alternando sus partes, cantando el coro el estribillo y el solista la estrofa. Los textos poéticos de estas canciones eran de muy diverso carácter, así como también la música. En los cancioneros españoles de los siglos XV y XVI, tales como el de Barbieri y el de Palacio, encontramos villancicos amatorios de estilo popular y cortesano, junto a otros de carácter festivo y picaresco. Ya en aquellos siglos, el uso de la imitación canónica y otros artificios del contrapunto, introducidos en el villancico dialogado que fué tan cultivado por Juan del Encina en sus famosas églogas, le hace perder su primitiva forma responsorial y lo vemos convertirse en un género polifónico genuinamente español que tuvo una gran importancia dentro de la polifonía profana renacentista. En el Cancionero de Upsala, un tanto posterior a los españoles anteriormente mencionados (mediados del siglo XVI) aparecen los primeros villancicos de Navidad que se conocen. Estos villancicos conservan en su forma, rasgos del antiguo villancico responsorial y son de considerable importancia por ser éste el único tipo del género que va a sobrevivir hasta nuestros días. Algunos de estos villancicos tienen la forma del rondó primitivo, como lo encontramos en algunas de las Cantigas de Alfonso X, y otros la forma dialogada y bailada de las canciones de peregrinos que aparecen en el "Llibre Vermell" montserratino, también adoptada por del Encina en sus villancicos pastorales. Durante los siglos XVII y XVIII, el villancico español a través del tratamiento vocal e instrumental con que lo cultivaron, muy especialmente, los compositores de la escuela valenciana, tiene un gran parentesco con la cantata italiana y francesa de la misma época. A partir del siglo XVIII puede decirse que la única manifestación de este género que perdura es la del villancico de Navidad. En la actualidad el villancico no conserva ni la forma ni el estilo que lo hicieron característico en otras épocas. En América latina, el villancico ha adoptado las características rítmicas y ambientales de la canción popular de cada país, conservando en todos ellos la raíz hispánica que les es común. El villancico aparece cultivado en Cuba por primera vez, a fines del siglo XVIII por el presbítero Esteban Salas, nuestro primer compositor de formación clasica. Como bien dice Carpentier, los villancicos de Salas son ajenos a la tradición del villancico polifónico español. Salas adopta la forma del villancico español del XVIII, ya de estilo más armónico que contrapuntístico, constituído como aquél, por dos o más partes contrastantes y en el cual intervienen elementos vocales e instrumentales. Siguen cronológicamente a los de Salas, los villancicos del presbítero Juan París, otro compositor cubano del XVIII, quien dentro del nismo patrón general de Salas, introduce algunas innovaciones de forma. Los compositores cubanos del XIX no parecen haberse interesado por este género que prácticamente desaparece en Cuba, hasta mediados del presente siglo, en que resurge con características nacionales, aunque limitado a la forma de la canción coral o acompañada de estructura binaria o ternaria, de estilo armónico. De los villancicos cubanos que aparecen en esta colección, merecen especial mención por su importancia histórica, los de Esteban Salas. Su villancico compuesto en la Kalenda de 1791 "Una nave mercantil" está escrito para tres voces, violines, bajo y trompa. Tiene dos partes. La primera es un ALLEGRO que se inicia con tres coplas a duo para tiple y alto con acompañamiento de cuerdas. La segunda parte es una FUGA a tres voces ampliamente desarrollada, en la cual el único instrumento que no interviene es la trompa que sólo se limita a doblar el bajo haciendo una especie de pedal durante unos breves compases. El segundo villancico "Pues logra ya" está realizado para tres voces, violines y bajo. Tiene tres partes. La primera es un RECITADO de carácter introductivo que ejecuta el grupo instrumental, entrando después cada voz por separado para cantar tres coplas sucesivamente, uniéndose todas en la copla final. La segunda parte es una PASTORELA finamente elaborada y de fresco sabor popular; comienzan los instrumentos, entrando luego las voces en forma dialogada hasta alcanzar el "tutti". La tercera parte es un VIVO de fina contextura instrumental, donde e es evidente, como lo señala Carpentier, la influencia hispánica en Salas. Aquí, como en la Pastorela, las voces dialogan independientes alternando con los "tutti". Estos villancicos son ejemplo de lo que fué este género en el siglo XVIII y de las diferencias que lo separan de su forma actual. Los villancicos restantes que integran la colección y que son representativos del género en la actualidad, se dividen en tres estilos: 1-Los villancicos corales de tratamiento más elaborado: (Gramatges, Martín, Marín, G. Hernández). 2-Los villancicos que adoptan la forma de la canción acompañada: (O. de Blanck, Borbolla, Sentenat), 3 -Los villancicos de carácter más popular: (C. Rosell, Pedroso de Douglas, Hno. Gabriel). La Habana, Diciembre 1959 Gisela HERNANDEZ GONZALO. Fabricado en Cuba: Impresora Cubana de Discos, S. A.

Language

Spanish

Translation

A form of Spanish folk poetry composed of an initial refrain followed by one or more stanzas was called a carol in the Middle Ages at the end of which the refrain was repeated again. Hence, the popular song of the medieval villains or villagers that accompanied this form of verses in the following melodic succession was also called a carol: refrain-moving-back. The primitive carols were choral and were sung in the responsorial way alternating their parts, the chorus singing the refrain and the soloist the stanza. The poetic texts of these songs were of a very diverse character, as well as the music. In the Spanish songbooks of the centuries XV and XVI, such as that of Barbieri and that of the Palace, we find amatory carols in a popular and courtly style, along with others of a festive and picaresque character. Already in those centuries, the use of canonical imitation and other counterpoint artifices, introduced in the dialogue carol that was so cultivated by Juan del Encina in his famous eclogues, makes it lose its primitive responsorial form and we see it becoming a genuinely Spanish polyphonic genre that had a great importance within the profane polyphony Renaissance. In the Uppsala Songbook, somewhat later than the Spaniards previously mentioned (mid-sixteenth century) appear the first christmas carols that are known. These carols retain in their form, features of the ancient responsorial carol and are of considerable importance because this is the only type of the genre that will survive to this day. Some of these carols have the form of the primitive rondo, as we find in some of the Cantigas of Alfonso X, and others the dialogued and danced form of the pilgrim songs that appear in the "Llibre Vermell" Montserratino, also adopted by del Encina in his pastoral carols. During the XVII and XVIII centuries, the Spanish carol through the vocal and instrumental treatment with which it was cultivated, very especially, the composers of the Valencian school, has a great kinship with the Italian and French cantata of the same time. From the eighteenth century it can be said that the only manifestation of this genre that endures is that of the Christmas carol. Nowadays the Christmas carol does not retain the form or style that made it characteristic in other times. In Latin America, the carol has adopted the rhythmic and environmental characteristics of the popular song of each country, preserving in all of them the Hispanic root that is common to them. The carol appears cultivated in Cuba for the first time, at the end of the XVIII century by the priest Esteban Salas, our first composer of classical formation. As Carpentier well says, the Christmas carols of Salas are alien to the tradition of the Spanish polyphonic carol. Salas adopts the form of the XVIII Spanish carol, already in a more harmonious style that contrapuntal, constituted like that, by two or more contrasting parts and in which vocal and instrumental elements intervene. They follow chronologically those of Salas, the carols of the priest Juan París, another Cuban composer of the XVIII, who within the nismo general pattern of Rooms, introduces some innovations of form. The Cuban composers of the nineteenth century do not seem to have been interested in this genre that practically disappears in Cuba, until the middle of the this century, in which it resurfaces with national characteristics, although limited to the form of the choral song or accompanied by binary or ternary structure, of harmonic style. Of the Cuban carols that appear in this collection, those by Esteban Salas deserve special mention for their historical importance. His carol composed in the 1791 Kalenda "A Merchant Ship" is written for three voices, violins, bass and horn. It has two parts. The first is an ALLEGRO that begins with three couplets a duo for treble and alto with string accompaniment. The second part is a widely developed three-voice FUGUE, in which the only instrument that does not intervene is the horn that is only limited to bending the bass making a kind of pedal for a few brief bars. The second carol "Cuando logra ya" is performed for three voices, violins and bass. It has three parts. The first is an introductory RECITATION performed by the instrumental group, after which each voice enters separately to sing three couplets in succession, all joining in the final couplet. The second part is a finely elaborated PASTORELLA with a fresh popular flavor; the instruments begin, then the voices enter in dialogue until reaching the "tutti". The third part is a LIVE of fine instrumental contexture, where e it is evident, as Carpentier points out, the Hispanic influence in Salas. Here, as in la Pastorela, the voices dialogue, alternating with the "tutti". These carols are an example of what this genre was in the eighteenth century and the differences that separate it from its current form. The remaining carols that make up the collection and that are representative of the genre at present, are divided into three styles: 1-The choral carols of more elaborate treatment: (Gramatges, Martín, Marín, G. Hernández). 2-The carols that take the form of the accompanied song: (O. de Blanck, Borbolla, Sentenat), 3 -The carols of the most popular character: (C. Rosell, Pedroso de Douglas, Bro. Gabriel). Havana, December 1959 Gisela HERNANDEZ GONZALO. Made in Cuba: Impresora Cubana de Discos, S.A.

Material/Technique

Painted

Dimensions

Dimension Description

31.5 x 31.5

Parts

Cover sleeve, plastic sleeve, vinyl

Created By

María A. Cabrera Arús

Create Date

March 31, 2022

Updated By

María A. Cabrera Arús

Update Date

September 26, 2025