Ref: Date: To: From: Subject: AV.i.O AIRCRAFT LTh1ITElJ INT ER-DEP ARTMErl'l' AL i. EIJ ORANDUM 32·12/04/ J Oc tober, 1957 1Jr.J,D, Hoa ge - Technical Flight Test Co-ord inator J. ll . Lucas Chief of p , rformance !:.'valuation EilGINE TnllUST FRa.l A.tROW 1 FLIGHT TESTS Attached herewith, please find Appendix II to r eport '10/PERF/l on Measurement of Engine Thrust f rom Arrow 1 Flight Tests, This a ppendix deals with aJequacy of availa~le i nstru.:nentation, applicable formulae and test bed calibration r osults. c.c Mes srs: J. A. Cha.;,berlin F.H.Brrune 1 . N.Scard u. R. '.'lo oDey G.Esilman :?!~., ~-~ J.H. Lucas Chief of Pe rformance Evaluation Cte :-i tral Files - without e ncl. ~:::· REPORT r.o __ 7-..0.._V_P_E_:tF~/_l_AP_P_U __ -!ill:. IUl (J l/NtR l>I l/1Ult-O --~ -.JN .. 4~ """ l TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT ......... _________ _ c :> I! • .~ . itaechter Oct.. 1957 l } Slf-. g! This appe ndix to r t.p1.I't 7'J/Pe':'r/l .ll.::i:iari.: .. s a th "Usi ::en re:er.t. :.ee~~~q~e t.o t e ~sea d.irizlt: Arrcw: ! li ht •eat s . a~e is ~~de of ava~:able instru;ic~tat!lln ~nly; t.her~for~ a~eqJaCJ Of ins~r\llcO~at.iOl'l i~ .iscusseJ . A;JµUcable !'ormu!.llo are given, t o bt ui.ed ln con~u .ctio.'1 '!11th r~port 71/Perf/2 on Proi;r amr1in;; for Perfo:'11lance Data frOOJ Arrow I Fliaht l'est.s, Results or Pret.t anJ ~tt.ney Aircraft ·:un- : a :iJ Final Acceota.'lc& .r.gine teat ted calibrat ion rune are ala o contained herein f r om ~hich the followinc inform~~ion is extracted for Y J 75 P - J ~nginee No. ~100)4 (port) , No. ~10029 (albd) , ~o. 61~26 (s~are) ane .o. 61?027 (spare) for Arro• : A!rcra!'t. .o. l ~!:1za.-y ~t;r1.s~ raiing E l5,5JO :l:.s . static sea level stan~:i.rd thrust rlth col'?' ~spon...i1ig H.P. Coicp, l , ? , io:'s of :i•.JD , 't.80 , 869C & 0~15 res;.ective)1 Each or these r~:I are ir.crc!aSuU 0.,tJfeO:'l !::> l!lld )5 rpm t.o obt.U'l "2 ... a t.a Plat.a s;>eeds o!' 93 . 30, 99. 55 , ,.> , ;2 anc 9': . 'o respect!vel1 ~ed :m 3-5~ ss l:Y.l's. ':';>:I• 1see ~ote !). "'e=age t...?.Cocp. l.P .V . a t ~i:itary t.~r .. st a J . ,OS ·2 tar ex __ :.1-ig e:igine:i Averae;e "Aeroeyna"\ic • "'o~zle !I.Tea • SlO (~ 2) sq. inches (.t/B off) 92d, 921, 947 and 917 sq. inches (A/B on) . !hese :ierO..S/'l&:A~c nozil e a:-~~s should be useJ :n conjunct.ion • 1th t.he GTOWS :..~st co.rtic!.ent. cu..~es or report. 71/ Per f/2 Charts :r: and :V to . aete.Mliae effec tiVbl e inst: 1m~nt•t!o:- 1<1".1Al <: :i be use:! fc. tr.·.,1o• 111easurece11t d ur ing t1rrow l flltsi...~c) am P2 ( st'\tic pressure ) '"' °'e=e::i,.n:s; · l.t. fC!·~er be i ng adequat ely nees~rerl by 2 or J represer.t~t:ve probe~ (•fter r~~e calibrat ion while the l ::n t.ir 1s ir.e!lsured b'.-· 1 s11wl e .,.-all &t •tic ven~ mounted on the inboiu·d s i d e on ~ he .;e:'ltr e 11ne or the i:ilet <.!uc t ap}iro:i.. 6 f ee t upetraam of the L,P. oomi::r essor f ace . 'lh1 s a t n tic v en~ pr essu:·e measurement is primarily used for struc:t u.r3l lo~dinP- inves t ig!lti,..ne ind csn ce ueed t o x epresent s t atic rre~sure At the en~1ne t~ce £or oo~.entum drag c ons iderati on s!:tc e rel3ti ve are<1 · Shoul.! be the 511."le (ar : e:r '\ll0'\1\1 . ...- :or a~ d!ft'ualng ~nd ~ose bu!let) . P..o~~ver , ap;roA. 3~ total air t.e1~ht !l~w ja extracted to the overboa1d cooler j ust u streen of tne COlllpreqsor fsce and 1.herefore the st'\tic press11re meesurernent should be jnc:-eased arnrox . 1% t o be more repre s entati ve of t he pre3~ure at t he compressor f~ce . (See taUe 1) Det eru:1na t !on of installed gross t hrust (~1th eject or} req~1res tr.e measure&eot o f a1r wailzht f1 o~ ecd total te~;ier ture ~t t~e b -~es~ exic . ?or th1e , rieasura:r.ents of p8 , TB and F a er e ~bte1ned by various r ... "ns. 1 .e. Stat1c pre.ssure, PB, is me asured near tte by- fl!!& exit ?el~ t 1ve to 8!1lb1ent stat ic pres&ure , p1 • ;bsolut e p 8 can theref ore be rM!iily obta~ ned by adding p1 to {p 8 - p ) . l'o t ol by-pass t empe!'e tut·e , TB , ie moosur ed upstream of PB e nd a ssu~ed equal t o T near ex1 t. . rot a l pressure , P , is meas ured fU , t he r upstream (aprrox . mi~ jet pire) but is ".lctu~ lly ~ a~ '>tic pressure messJrement. Since the by pas s area 1s lArge a t thla ststion e relat i vel y lo1o mean ~ch number or .Jl ~i ll be assu~ed s~ch that measured mid jet pipe p_B ~ Ps/l .07 . llleasurezr.snte o! Ps & p ar e r,iade by single prot.es wnil a TB lS measured on t wo pr ocee, one abov» en:i one below the jet pipe. Disadvant ages of s i ngle or :iuel probe meesu:·ements compered t o rake 11\easure rnent s tor aver'.lge readi ng s a r e well known a nd t herefore care mus t b e exerc i s ed 111 int erpreting t he res\llts . (see tn bl e 2) &; - pass measur ements are only mad e on the por t engi ne e nd 1d• n't1 cel r ea di ngs Will be a s sUll\ed f -0r t he s t a r board aide. Progra..itng f or perforl!ll nce d sta !'ro:m Arro1o l t'l 1g ht tast e a e e or11 ng t o report ?lt Ptl!P/2 is tbe1·ef or e ''811d o nl y t or ay l'lett·J ca l po :11er I cond.1 t ion~ • . I l ~! .. Rt'.P9 11T No.?oL}>FJtf/l AllP. II SH££T !'lo .3 1----Afi-:R_O_W_ l_ ~---.1 ~Gm~ PKlFOP.M>'\KC~ fl .. .. :;eo:ue'.r1c are"s mus.I. be measured a t. t.he rel'erenc e s t.s t i-:.ns (by-pass eul and engine l'ace ir.let) a!'ld t.hen correc t ea to an effec tive area -is!~ ar. e:.t:.rr.ated coefficient f or use in eppr opriat.e ajr weight. f lo* l'ormulae. :\1r "B1'!ht flQ?.S 'A' iU be obtained as en ou,tput from 18}'. ?C4 coJ11put rn1;, mm DilG A1 r:;crsz. ?A#E Not.e : l) WE • pg A2 72 • .!l_ x A2 x li2 x f )' g !t2 • Rt.2 2} OE v • l g x v g J) w/ [~::)~ where V • fr eo strea.a veloci ty J 5. 0 [(~) .m - 1 x 2 • y-1 For U erro:- !n pre~sure :::easuro:.ent at oagirui face ll2 • .; t ole::-ance . . .01; . • J.0$ '12 c. .4 toleranco :: + ,1)19 . + 4. 7 5%. M2 .. • J t.oleranco + . 02; . • I!.~ ·l] Hence 1r P2 •easu:ecant. is in error by .: lS ·.hen t 2 rlll bo en-or ~ • l4J.' and ':YE a"d mE'/wUl be ln orror :. J .14% at W2 c , 5 + 4, SC)% at M2 ~ . 4 + 3. /.4~ at ~2 • . J I If P2 coasuro.:ont is in or?"o:- by U the e~feet 0'1 Is a.ad 11z: x V dll be !lll:lil.e.r to that for P2 'but with t.he absolute 'fa lue of the e rror reduced by ~. .. I . A IR C RAFT 0 .. ~.,,...,, ,.. REPORT No _7_0/;___P_E_~-'-'/_l_AP_P_I_I __ _ SHEET No 5 ~ Al 110 , lf// f: RAFT //MITEO MA L i ON O N T ARI O TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT PREPA R ED BY DATE E::GINE PE ilFOltilANCE R. 'Naechter Oct . 1957 C HE C K ED BY DATE T Al3I.E II EFFECT OF I. , ST rtUi1lE:iT Ar IO:J ACC lTrlACY ON DET ERM:i>-1 AT ION OF Aii\ :n:IGHT F:..01'1 AT BY-PAS'.: EXIT iWTE:- 1 ) "' "B = PB As VB = ~ x AB x M3 x~ )' g Rt3 Rts r--·- == ~ 2'._g_ Pa AB " ~·s Rtg 2 ) C) l~~ -1 l 2 5.0 [ (;: }2" -1 l M13- = PB 'I = ))B t-1 For 1% er ro r i n pressure measurement !1i = 1. '.) tolerance = + • J '.)9 = + 0.9% - - 1.1 o.s tolerance = + . 'JlO = + l .'25% = - - M J. 6 tolerance + . J lJ = • 2.2;; = = - - Hence if PB measurement is in error ty ~ 1% I Then w8 will be i n error + 1.04'! a t MB = l.') - + 1. '~i a t Mr, = ') . 3 - ' .2 . ~'tf at MB = 0. 6 - If ~'B me asure .>;e nt i s in error by l>~ the effect on \YB will be similar to that for PB l ut with the a t s olute value of the error re~uced ty 1%. Any error i n T8 me i~~~-'O~V_P_~_.r~-~~1_l~AP_P_._l_l __ ~ 8 TECHNICAL DE ~PA-'-R-"T-'--M_E_N_T ____ -; I 'l'his eq•1ation ls u~ed f or !i/E off onl;. f or 1'h ich it can be assumed that The ratios ~ x. and are obtained from experimental data l.c i.e. for lt/B o.ff , a. ~:ACA s olution is used (Cb.art Vl 01' 7l/Perf/2} and for lt/B on, Ano . obel Test results are used {Chart VII o!' 71/Perf/2} To det.er::ilne ~ Xie values of P10 p and ~ must be knO'llo . ~ irust. be !!eri11eJ froo aeasur~J i , 1rhicb for A/B off p p • . 99 !J_ {as above) while for A/B on, P10 is derivuu as follows:- p p According to J T 4A Engine I nstallation Handbook P1o = '.>.1297 Xe• O.opforA,/Bon,a: difAl')ce. )98sq ,ft.., then ~G = 1 . 250 P10 l .%5Al0 l> p It ia f,here.t.'ore ev ldent that a noule coefficient, based on P10 , of .965 was used . p Ho• Cg (Chart IV aeport 71/Perf/2) is baaea on _!j_ J and the difference p hetween Cg and . 965 is asswaed to accou.,t for the pressure loss froo. P7 to P10 • l ~ 1.250 ..:.i_ p (based on P7 ) (baaed on P10 ) Solving these t wo equatlona l .... _P_;_o ___ ._~-~-5-"/._-_:~7=---l-~-~o_6 __ + __ 0_._s.J1---(4 ~ A VIUI All?C!lllFr LIMITELJ MAt... T t)N • ~NTA~ 0 TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT R!rPORT N<:> 'lQ.LP'<;? F/l A.pp. II --- PREPA REO SY AIRC RM'T OATE I ~~~ow l ----~E-N_IG_I_N_E_P_.ER~FO--Rf.!lll_f_C_E _ _ _ ~R--w-·a_e-ch_t_e_r ______ O_c_t_ 7-,----r-------------- ,.,,,, . . , .. ,, • I are For evaluatioo ofµ wbich equals WB ""lo VWo the followi n~ ass.umpti one made: a)• WB (lbs/sec} and TB {°K} are air weight flow acct totU temper~ ture as measured 1 n the b;;-pass ne~r the final nozzle. ~ :!. [' -(::ff J . -~;:i- 86~ 7 r,~rJ for~= l .J. , R ::96.02 b) o) w10 = air weight flow th.rou. gh the primary nozz1e,whic.h tor the . A./B of.f case is a ssum~ : el)gil).e inlet Vig and for the r~/B on case is assumed = W:s + QA/B (A/B fuel flow,lbs /h.r ) i.e . ecgine tu.el !'low Jbco (approx 2.5% of WE) is assumed to offset a1rbl eed & leakage 7rl -(P2)'2861 L p2 j torl= l .J. , R = 96 . ')2 (6) Tio ~ T7 {°K) for A/B off and ~ •10 1°KJ ·t ·74l .xo l W:g • Wo- x [ ~). o.e ] foe A/B oo 3 00 .0009_r (p in ps1 ) (7) ,00219(~)- .02 Formula (7) rs obtained by combining two equ~t iocs trom J .T.!_~ Engine lns t P. llation li'indbook and l etting 'K10 .. WE+ Q.// B .3 00 Le. Combine T10 -r 0.1297 x0 .. o.S p for p 10. paf . (s) 'WkK AVR O A IR C R AFT l ! MITEO REPORT No ~7~0~/~PF.:..:.:.:RF=- 1 . :'. • .-!Utary 15,500 *-JO ~JO •• 92 1:157 2. 1 c.(5 'lt I • ' IJ. Noroal 13, • ~o ~m b25:J . 750 91.7 2. ,,,.,,J -51 1'or:r., : :>. )>'> 7040 5-;50 . 126 1 ~i :..~ Engine: - 6l'1Q2Cj ( st.bd. ) ltil..t.ary l5,500 309:> .,b4J • rr:n 1J/J 2. 5- l .1 ::> a t <;c) . ~s .. :~or.,,al lJ , ·{ ~ i450 0230 %'J 2.34 7<;~ or • !O , JO~ 1,20 56:>0 . 723 '337 :.o l L~ino1- 611):>20 ( .:.pore) llilitar y 15, 500 VJ:> U>1:'.> . 7JJ 1068 2. 1.9 i 25 a t qo, 72j I >Jori.al lJ, 7 30 3445 t,,Jl'J , 7(JJ 9'<> 2, )J 75:.L .lorm. lO, JJJ 7•155 :i,ao •. , JJ 790 2.0 l &liiino:- 610027 ( aparo ) Mllit.a.-y :_s , 5J:> ~-:.; 6-1< .3Jo _)o5 ., ' ill5 .:. ~. 12' I .... . ·- :.o:--al :.3, 7a,, :!l.5J 6335 - ( cos 2. 35 • I ~ ; ~ "or:ii. :__o, .300 915 55b:> • 737 815 2 . 02 ~lot.a: - Pu:cent.age (112) R,P . .. . '5 b&s• a on 3 50 as l:>J'.' Average Military Nt • • 7t;S Ni ;amr REPO RT No . A~RO 11/RCR .·l F T Ll1WITEO 13 MA LT() N ONTA R IO S HE ET N o 70/PERF/ l APP II TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT P REPARED BY DATE A IRCRAFT ARROW l EUGINE PE f\FORMANCE R, Wae chter Oct, 1957 A/C l CHECK EC B Y DATE AFTERBU.1.tlER PE:1FORMAtlCE y J 12 p - :2 E GHIE'.' F'OR ARROW 1 A/C No 1 1 (P. l'i . A. RUi·I IN A. !D F IN AL ACCEPT A.ICE E.\ GINE i" EST 13SD CALii:lilAT IONS ) Eng ine: - 6l'JJ34 (port) Power Corr. FN Obs. N2 T.S.F. C. DIAS . T . S.F . C. TT 2 (OF) l1l il. :; on A/B 16 , 34'J 36'JO • 327 - 32 Afterburner 2 ~1 ,5 20 361'1 1. 933 1 . 945 32 Eng ine:- 61'.J'.J?.9 (stb d ) ;·;,il. .: on A/13 16 , 6 3'.) . U'/'J . J 20 - 33 Afterbur ner 25 , 220 .665 1.92 1. ')J 32 .r •g i ne :- 61J026 (spare) ~i il , Non .4/D l 'I, ~JJJ .ob)O • 324 - 32 Af t erbur ner 2b , JJO ':;od5 l . rJO l. 915 31 I En[i ine:- 6lr:U2 7 ( s par e ) I Mil. il on A/B 16, l·7 5 ano 4-0 Afterburner 25 , l5J ;695 1.94 1. 95 40 ~ 0 _____'.tl__·~~~~~~---------------------------~------------------------~~~~ ~:avlii~ 'IRO -'l/lrR •1-r /l i UIFD S ... E~T t..., __ _g _____ ..,.---~ ... ... -u"" O'-"' "*'' o TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT ~--1 "R EPAR!OC 8·'-·--+~~--~IRCW~FT .Ut.'\OW l A/C No, l Assum;>t ions liote:- l EilG HIE P£~NCE - R. " aechter .. Oct. 1957 _ L _ ___ ~ c-.e C: > .fer I J75 P - l, J and 11 engi.nes .. 530 9q, i n . (A/B off) = 921 sq. in. (A/B on ) 2) A1o values are ~alcula.ted at actual t est points I M A.LTO ~ ONT A.R IO TECHNICAL DEPARTMENT A IRCRAFT Al\ROil 1 A/C No. l .1 Engine ! FN i -ic ! -r2 610026 ~ 9,860 (spare) ! 12, 150 (12,lBO i 14,4 '.) J l l 5,2JO i 16, 57'.J i l 'f ,12J ! 61'.J'.'l27 ! (spare ) ! l '.'l , 390 i 12,420 , 12, 610 ' ll, -;10 ! 15,210 • 16, 630 \ 16, '/90 I 610029 ! l'.J' 500 (stbd ) 111 1 730 1 12,670 ll, '30'.) i 14,30'.) ; 16, 650 )16,650 I 610034 \ 9' 54'.J (port) j 11 1 3)0 1 11,8)0 14,110 I 15 ,O'J'.J 116,510 116,880 610J26 61J027 610'.!29 61 '.JJ 34 \26,000 25,l5'J 25,220 25, 52'.J ENGI:IB PERFC~ANCE = 14.7 XG ! ~ P2 ; t'S I xa '. cg CgA1a1° 2: XG A1QP2 A/B On n " " " " " I 1.950 '1· 2.1 31 I 2.1 50 I 2,400 2.470 2.600 2.640 1.988 2.220 . 2.230 2,430 2.48'J 2.630 2.6)9 2.016 2.120 2. 235 2.441 2. 441 1 2.630 2,6JO L,445 .910 l, 737 ; .937 1, 7JO : .9)5 2.010 i .959 2,1'.J'.) . • 96J 2.260 : ,973 2,310 '. .976 1.49 5 1.785 1,800 2.050 2,11'.J 2. JOO 2.JlO 1. 530 1,660 1. 8J5 2,06) 2.J6J 2.JOO 2. JOO ( .90J : .940 i . 942 ! • 96'J . 966 ; . 974 • • 9 '7 5 . 913 : .930 . 943 . • 962 .962 . • 974 . 974 1.910 1.395 2. 150 1,7'.'JO 2.150 1. 700 2,370 11.975 2.450 j 2.075 2.616 i 2.280 2.6)9 12.310 '. . 905 .935 • 9 35 .956 ; .963 : .974 : .975 ' 1.317 1.628 ' 1. 591 1.929 2.022 . 2.201 2.258 1.351 1.678 l.697 1.970 i 2.040 ' 2.241 2.255 1.398 1. 541 l,702 1,987 l, 987 2.241 2.241 1.263 1. 590 1. 590 1.890 1.999 2.221 2.2 54 2. 6J5 \2 . J '.'l 5 2.634 12.30 5 2, 6JO !2.3'.JO 2. 639 12.JlO : .so9 1.867 t . 309 1. 867 ' .309 1.862 1.309 : 1. 871 REPO RT N o ----'7_0,_i/'---PE_RF-.C.L..'/_l_AP~P~, ~Il~-- S H EET N o 15 PREPARED B Y D A T E R, ?is.echter Oct. 1957 C H E C KED BY DATE 14. 7 Al'.J ' AlO AlO I 7490 7 4•.0 7650 7460 7510 7520 7530 7690 74'JO 7430 7520 7450 7420 7445 7500 7590 7430 7 IJ.,O 7440 7420 7420 75 5'J 7450 745'.J 74o0 7500 7430 '/430 13920 13480 13540 136JO 0 " (ave1.) 509 508 521 50·1 511 512 516 523 I 503 ; 50 5 512 507 505 507 510 516 506 5'.l6 506 505 ; 505 513 507 507 508 510 506 i 509 947} 917 921} i 928 I a" 5J 3 c" 924 :j: . r ' .j • -' T'""' _;"""'!~ ...: · ; j ' ! ] _ ~- - I 11_ .;. r --+ + ·-.. OJ . ' --· I ' • J:1 ' ' - fl ' i; , /~· .. .... ' ........ - -' I I • - ..._ .-- t'I - l~ i"" - - -t . ' • ' i ~ ' r ~· • -- '. , i.-t-~ ,.,. ~ _;·t t ::_ 1 i! .}.! .. 1 -' -:j. !:l.,,.. .• ~I •t,r ··,_1 •• ··r ·\ - ~t~1- ~ ~._: ~-i . -4' 1J:rl :. r:fi , ' • _ J_'·f:.f~ ..::J · .. ;'_j:: -.1 _ I_: .- ff•t .::-_• .;._::_ :: i_: _ ~ .. '"n... ! .'.'" . • '.:- . JJ;,, , i t-- ~ ,- r ' . -;- L... r - • ~ W :::::::! .:... ' p- . ....._....._ I ....--. ...,.......... - rl.. - - .1 · · ...:-~ ....... ' ~ , -L · '. I, I : ,. -.·~; '1-! 1-:rr 1+'· - "~' 't /. -~ · 11 _:. ... tr : '. ,. --f:! ., .- ~I :: • .:rr:t ~ /t . :]·-.- ,- - ,·;I. ' 'l:I".1 -1-!M'~ I l f - i 1.J, ...._ t;' .. 1. , .... ~..... . . tf--1 ,, •t i ~-'-! ··~ m' ·•rr.,.,.j 7--'- ~ I ,1 ~!..__~ '. I-~ - ;:.,-.. : L_r~-- -·, · .,,~~r~,4-~: ·,~, 1 :1 1. · ~:r ... ::r: ~-l" !~ ..J - :-t ·r-i+ ., . - : .,. ,, d, ', ·, 1 1 ~ r ~ . . .. - · -- +.! ~· ·- . , ........... ,... +....;j; t ..... 1 :-1 ... l ...&. .;71' ,·ltT ~-- •..i......__.·.; q:; ..;1, ' •. r . i..:. ~ ·;- 1' .· , ... :r 1.j_" ~I ~ I • . ...... · 1-- -~- ~ _'1 L...L...!.' .. ~ . - · ,, • ·-T"t- r ... _ ...._.~ --1 -- , , _ - • · •. • - 1 •• 1 . .... .. , , - • L-. - ~ •• 11 - '- 1.t 1-i..... ~ 1.., ,-· -r r,;.r.::r ·...LI _Lr ·· .. rt -. ...... 1 I\" -4- - - - • .. ·'--··>- . 1 • T · ·-"":, r _· ~~ ·(i - r -t ~ ff• f--·t:r.:· :. ~t' - !; - .: i _ - ~'. ~:ffi' T. ·I - . ;- ; >: . ;:_ -~' iMJ ;.' ti:;:c"'i:fc , -i+J~ ' ~ - .:~ -tu: , · .,. .... ~- ' 1 ~ - · - -.+ ;--- . - . . -::.! .. :!: .. ~ .1_! '--~ .---r· .. ·_ }11 ~- Q·_•::-_ ._ .. _ 1 _1 ~. -- -, ' __ ., ~. ·. , •• :. .. • , ...:_..-..:! ~l. . - ~ ....: 1 ..... ~-::-: - ~ ._ · _7 .;....':1 "' .. -; ;:1-r ·.:-. . ...... ,,.,. ··- 1 - __, , ,.. , - ,...... . - :~ - -J ._ ,; 1_.' .. ,- ~ .Il_-1- :..,,·,j· '+;'!·· ,· --_r:: ·--- - 1t1 ·- ,.-.. - r - -; ............... ~ . ... . - 1.-l.I L. f- -1 ..--,_, .1 ' ~' 8:J'r - L 1- -f - - ~,.... -.-. -- -:- ' ' II . r -• ~ i- ' ·· ' ::i. -·J '" '.. · 'l :- :Jt' '-Jl-. · ,' 1-T!. - ~!'tit ~--i -• ' :...'- • t+-'· i':..: ~ ..... ... ··-r~ !":", • · . : I ' - . :..i... t ~ ' • --1 M 1- t :.]_.., -;-o;, -1 c - rr • 1 !t·;-u ~- ! ~ ' ''J. - , i ,_ • t,..., · - 1 ;..1. --J • • •l -M--'- -- • , .., -- r r -- ' , ....,_ .,,...._.~ i • ' r- -. t ,... ,......... -+ - -· -,-j;-, -f J- c-' ~ : • I • • ' I • - •• ..... I • -· ... ..i...;. i ··r- _, j--1 LI. ..,; -, ... I • - I """' - • >-1- i-r --r;- , t __j .1.. .J r ' 1 - . '; -1· I.._ · t- ' ' L , , l · + r .,.r.

Engine Thrust from Arrow I Flight tests

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