Fluorite / Calcite

Object/Artifact

-

Crater Rock Museum

Fluorite

Fluorite

Name/Title

Fluorite / Calcite

Entry/Object ID

2009.62.70

Description

Chemical Composition: see description Crystal System: Orthorhombic System Description: Common Name: Fluorite / Calcite Chemistry: CaF2, Calcium Fluoride / CaCO3, Calcium Carbonate Group: Halides / Carbonates Location: Gordensville Mine, near Carthage, Tennessee Description: Large cubic translucent violet crystals with a singular translucent white crystal of calcite on one side on a shiny brown to burnt red matrix. THE PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLUORITE: Color is extremely variable and many times can be an intense purple, blue, green or yellow; also colorless, reddish orange, pink, white and brown. A single crystal can be multi-colored. Luster is vitreous. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System: Isometric; 4/m bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits include the typical cube and to a lesser extent, the octahedron as well as combinations of these two and other rarer isometric habits. Always with equant crystals; less common are crusts and botryoidal forms. Twinning also produces penetration twins that look like two cubes grown together. Cleavage is perfect in 4 directions forming octahedrons. Fracture is irregular and brittle. Hardness is 4 Specific Gravity is 3.1+ (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: Often fluorescent blue or more rarely green, white, red or violet and may be thermoluminescent, phosphorescent and triboluminescent. Associated Minerals are many and include calcite, quartz, willemite, barite, witherite, apatite, chalcopyrite, galena, sphalerite, pyrite and other sulfides. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, color zoning, hardness (harder than calcite, but softer than quartz or apatite), fluorescence and especially the octahedral cleavage PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CALCITE: Color is extremely variable but generally white or colorless or with light shades of yellow, orange, blue, pink, red, brown, green, black and gray. Occasionally iridescent. Luster is vitreous to resinous to dull in massive forms. Transparency: Crystals are transparent to translucent. Crystal System is trigonal; bar 3 2/m Crystal Habits are extremely variable with almost any trigonal form possible. Common among calcite crystals are the scalenohedron, rhombohedron, hexagonal prism, and pinacoid. Combinations of these and over three hundred other forms can make a multitude of crystal shapes, but always trigonal or pseudo-hexagonal. Twinning is often seen and results in crystals with blocky chevrons, right angled prisms, heart shapes or dipyramidal shapes. A notch in the middle of a doubly terminated scalenohedron is a sure sign of a twinned crystal. lamellar twinning also seen resulting in striated cleavage surfaces. Pseudomorphs after many minerals are known, but easily identified as calcite. Also massive, fibrous, concretionary, stalactitic, nodular, oolitic, stellate, dendritic, granular, layered, etc. etc. Cleavage is perfect in three directions, forming rhombohedrons. Fracture is conchoidal. Hardness is 3 (only on the basal pinacoidal faces, calcite has a hardness of less than 2.5 and can be scratched by a fingernail). Specific Gravity is approximately 2.7 (average) Streak is white. Other Characteristics: refractive indices of 1.49 and 1.66 causing a significant double refraction effect (when a clear crystal is placed on a single line, two lines can then be observed), effervesces easily with dilute acids and may be fluorescent, phosphorescent, thermoluminescence and triboluminescent. Associated Minerals are numerous but include these classic associations: Fluorite, quartz, barite, sphalerite, galena, celestite, sulfur, gold, copper, emerald, apatite, biotite, zeolites, several metal sulfides, other carbonates and borates and many other minerals. Best Field Indicators are crystal habit, reaction to acid, abundance, hardness, double refraction and especially cleavage. Fracture: conchoidal Hardness: 3 Calcite Luster: Vitreous Occurrence: Fluorite may occur as a vein deposit, especially with metallic minerals, where it often forms a part of the gangue (the surrounding "host-rock" in which valuable minerals occur) and may be associated with galena, sphalerite, barite, quartz, and calcite. It is a common mineral in deposits of hydrothermal origin and has been noted as a primary mineral in granites and other igneous rocks and as a common minor constituent of dolostone and limestone. Calcite is a common constituent of sedimentary rocks, limestone in particular, much of which is formed from the shells of dead marine organisms. Approximately 10% of sedimentary rock is limestone. Calcite is the primary mineral in metamorphic marble. It also occurs as a vein mineral in deposits from hot springs, and it occurs in caverns as stalactites and stalagmites Calcite may also be found in volcanic or mantle-derived rocks such as carbonatites, kimberlites, or rarely in peridotites. Specific Gravity: 2.2 Streak: white Variety: Fluorite is a widely occurring mineral which is found in large deposits in many areas and comes in a wide variety of colors and is offen refer to as the worlds most colorful mineral. Calcite is one of the most common minerals on the face of the Earth, comprising about 4% by weight of the Earth's crust and is formed in many different geological environments. Calcite can form literally a thousand different shapes by combining the basic forms of the positive rhombohedron, negative rhombohedron, steeply, moderately and slightly inclined rhombohedrons, various scalahedrons, prism and pinacoid to name a few of the more common forms. There are more than 300 crystal forms identified in calcite and these forms can combine to produce the thousand different crystal variations. Calcite also produces many twin varieties that are favorites among twin collectors. There are also phantoms, included crystals, color varieties, pseudomorphs and unique associations. There simply is no end to the varieties of calcite.

Collection

RAGM Mineral Collection

Dimensions

Height

2 in

Width

2-3/4 in

Length

6-1/2 in

Weight

21.58 oz

Dimension Notes

Dimension taken at widest points

Location

Location

Display Case

DS-8

Room

Delmar Smith Hall

Building

Crater Rock Museum

Category

Permanent

Moved By

Curtis Gardner

Date

May 24, 2023

Notes

Added current location