Name/Title
Edison “Red Gem” Phonograph (Model D)Entry/Object ID
179Description
Thomas A. Edison Inc., Orange, New Jersey – ca. October 1909
2-minute and Amberol cylinder phonograph in rare special finish
Serial number: 355422 – with original price tag: $15.00
Historical Background
The Edison “Gem” was the smallest, most affordable, and most widely distributed phonograph model in the Edison product line. Between 1899 and 1913, five major versions were introduced (Models A through E), each showing significant changes in both design and mechanics.
The example displayed here, known as the “Red Gem”, belongs to the fourth generation (Model D) and represents a late highlight in the evolution of the Gem series. With its striking maroon enamel finish, eight-panel ruby-red horn, and dual-speed capability for playing both 2-minute and 4-minute cylinders, this model is a perfect example of the final design flourish of the wax cylinder era.
Evolution of the Edison Gem Phonographs
Model A (1899–1905):
The original version, simple construction with external winding key. Price: $7.50
Later versions added wooden cases, updated reproducers (e.g., Model B), horn mounts, and decorative features.
Model B (from 1905):
Improved motor with crank winding instead of a key, introduction of the Model C Reproducer. Price: $10.00
The original banner decal was replaced by the simpler “Edison” script logo.
Model C (1908):
Marketed only in New York State. No end gate, and the first to feature elegant double-stripe corner decals.
The only black Gem with floral decoration – and the only one with three different decal variations.
Model D (“Red Gem”, from Oct. 1909):
New dual-speed motor, switchable between 2- and 4-minute playback, heavier mechanism, finished in maroon red – the first Gem not in black.
Equipped with the combined Model K Reproducer for both formats.
Matching maroon cabinet and ruby-red horn – a stylish choice for the modern home. Price: $15.00
Model E (from Oct. 1912):
Designed exclusively for 4-minute cylinders. Though announced with the Diamond B Reproducer, it was instead delivered with Model N due to insufficient motor strength.
Produced for only one year – the final Gem in the series.
Technical Features of the Red Gem on Display at the Edisonium Mariazell
Combined Model K Reproducer for 2- and 4-minute cylinders
Gear shift on front frame for playback mode selection
Two-tone finish: maroon base, high-gloss ruby-red horn
8-panel horn with original support arm
Serial number: 355422
Condition: Mint, all-original with historical price tag attached
Significance
The “Red Gem” marks the final design peak of the Gem series – technically mature, visually stunning, and a clear precursor to the emerging disc phonograph era. Its vibrant red finish – the first time an Edison phonograph departed from black – makes it one of the most coveted models among collectors today.
This piece is more than a machine – it’s a turning point in the history of home entertainment.
