Columbia Graphophone BS – Coin-Operated Cylinder Phonograph

Object/Artifact

-

Edisonium

Name/Title

Columbia "Graphophone BS" – Coin-Operated Cylinder Phonograph

Entry/Object ID

234

Description

Columbia Phonograph Company, New York Manufactured: approx. 1898–1902 Historical Background The Columbia BS was one of the most compact and refined coin-operated phonographs of the early era – a milestone in automated sound reproduction around 1900. Based on the popular Columbia Graphophone "Eagle," the BS model was specially designed for use in public spaces such as saloons, drugstores, bars, or waiting rooms – wherever customers could enjoy music via coin operation. The designation "BS" likely stands for "Base Model" and "Spring Motor." The machine was powered exclusively by a spring-driven motor; no electric version was produced. It was available for both 5-cent (nickel) and 1-penny coins and was frequently exported, especially to the UK. Technical Features Drive Mechanism: Spring motor Cylinder Type: Standard 2-minute wax cylinders Horn: Original Columbia horn (13", nickel-plated, with angled elbow) Cabinet: Oak with curved glass lid and metal anchor points for theft protection Coin Mechanism: Complex system with coin chute, ratchet gear, and coin fork lever Soundbox: Modified reproducer with set screw to prevent shaking loose Special Feature: Fully visible inner mechanism for easy maintenance and inspection How It Works Coin Insertion: The inserted coin drops through the chute onto the coin fork lever. Release: The weight of the coin lowers the lever, releasing the lock mechanism. Winding: The user turns the crank until it reaches the mechanical stop. Start: The cylinder begins to rotate, and the reproducer lowers onto the wax record. Playback: The cylinder rotates, and the music is played. Stop & Reset: After the timed playback ends, the mechanism stops automatically, and the carriage is returned by spring tension – ready for the next coin. Significance The Columbia BS is a representative example of the first generation of mechanical self-service machines. A forerunner of the jukebox, it combined technology, business innovation, and entertainment value in a compact format. The unit on display at the Edisonium is well preserved, retaining all original coin mechanisms.