Name/Title
CE 1272 - 1307 Edward I - PennyDescription
1299-late 1300 Edward I. 1272-1307. AR Penny (18mm, 1.39 g, 10h). New coinage, class 9b2. Newcastle-upon-Tyne mint. Struck circ. Near VF.
Edward I of England (1239–1307), known as “Longshanks” and later as the “Hammer of the Scots,” reigned from 1272 to 1307. The eldest son of Henry III and Eleanor of Provence, he grew up during the political turmoil of the Second Barons’ War, fighting against Simon de Montfort’s rebellion and eventually helping to restore royal authority.
As king, Edward was both a reformer and a formidable warrior. He undertook major legal reforms, expanding and systematizing the common law, strengthening the role of Parliament, and increasing the crown’s administrative reach. His reign is sometimes seen as a crucial step toward a more centralized English monarchy.
Militarily, Edward sought to extend English control over the British Isles. He conquered Wales in a series of campaigns (1277–1283), building an impressive ring of castles, many of which still stand today. His efforts to dominate Scotland, however, met fierce resistance from leaders such as William Wallace and Robert the Bruce; though Edward initially achieved victories, the conflict was unresolved at his death.
Edward’s reign was also marked by harsh policies, including the expulsion of England’s Jewish population in 1290—a decree that remained in force for centuries. He died in 1307 while campaigning in Scotland and was succeeded by his son, Edward II. Despite his reputation for martial prowess and strong kingship, his legacy is mixed: admired as a lawgiver and castle builder, yet remembered for his brutality toward both enemies abroad and minority groups at home.Create Date
July 30, 2025Update Date
May 25, 2026
