Historical atlas map of Solano County, California CALIFORNlA.NA ^WllWWIgfc. ^P^ f9ie,794_So41i^ PREFACE. TO THE PEOPLE OF SOLANO COUNTY "We return thanks for the confidence they reposed in our ability to make fi Historical Atlas that should do credit to their county, and for tlie generous patronage tliey afforded ue. In pi-esenting this work, we hope it may appear to onr patrons that their confidence was not misplaced, and that an adequate return has been made for the pecuniary support they rendered us. "We have conscientiously endeavored to prepare an Atlas equal in all particulars to the representations we made in hehalf of it, and equal also to the expectations entertained of it by our patrons. We are not rash enough to presume that the work is absolutely fault- less, neither do 'we believe that a generous and intelligent community would demand that degree of perfection in a work of this kind. Few people, without actual experience, can comprehend the details of Eucli a work,—its cost, and the care and pains necessary to bring it to completion. "We have spared neither money nor labor to make it as nearly perfect as possible; but if some minor errors have crept into the map work of a county having irregular surveys and uneven topography, we shall not be surprised. While our labors were progressing in the county we were constantly the recipients of courtesies and favors from all classes of citizens, to whom we return our thanks. Our acknowledgments are especially due to the Board of Supervisors, and to the county officials and their deputies, who have at all times aided us in gathering from the records such facts as were needed. To the public-spirited and gentlemanly members of the Press we return thanks for the interest taken in and encouragement afforded onr enterprise. To many old settlers, whose years of honorable toil have transformed the wild prairie into harvest-laden fields, we acknoivledge our obligations for historical and biographical incidents connected Avith the early history of the county. That the convenience and ufUity'of the work we have presented will be seen and appreciated by the public generally, is the hope and belief of the pubiishere. ~] IImi m. 3t)Ue of California County Map, colored by Townaliips Map Number One » Two Three " Four " Five " Six, " Seven " Eiglit FAOE . 6,7 . 22 . 23 26,27 30,31 34,35 3S, 39 42,43 46,47 . 50 €MY, WOWN, A^m rXhhA^m JPIdkTS* Plat of Vnoavillc . " Elmira . " Rio Vista Vallejo Beniaia Fairfield and Suisun Dison Bridgeport . Penverton . 30 35 43 50,51 53 57 60 50 47 T£BWS iJ¥B miiVSTnAmo^B* BaS3ford, J. M., Jr. 58, 59 Benicia Arsenal "5 Bcaicia Brewery 56 Berry, Geo. M 56 Bridgeport Hotel 33 Bruning, Joaepli (Rio Vifita) 44 Buck, L. W 24 Cnntfillow, W 68,59 Court-House 8 Conotj Infirmary 32 DanielB, G. N 56 Donell, Wm 28 Galbraith, Jas 33 Gardiner, John H 26 SnSCEiiliANEOirS. History Statistical . Patrons' County Directory PlOE . • 62,63 HawKina, A. 0. .-•.•• 56 Henderson, H. t Hooper, T. T. ^^ Jones, J. W Johnson & Emigh . Koms, Levi . - 36 Mann, D. L ^^ ^^ Mayes, John S. ' " " ' . 41- McCreary, D ' " McGettigan, B. Mein, Eobt. 56 Miles, Jas. L ^- T -R .... 33 Mizner, li. ii. - Newtown Landing (Eio Vista) Nurse, S. K. (Denverton) *^ Pioneer Brewery * 33 Pittnian, Mra. C. J Pleasants, W. J ^^ Pratt, L. A. ^^ Quiet, "Wm ^^ Eueger, John . - 33 Solano Brewery 91 Starr Flouring Mills 90 Stewart, Samuel " St. Augustine's College """ St. Catherine's Academy 54, 55 St. Dominic's Monastery St. Gertrude's Academy ^ St. Mary of the Pacific ^^ Tisdale, H. D ^^ Toffson, W. B ^^ Turner, W. H ^? U. S. Areeoal ^^ View of Denverton Village of Rio Vista ** Weidenman & Rothenbusch - - - *»> Williams, Frank " Wingfield, J. H. D • • ^^ 9-15 16-20 65-68 M i^ihyMi^^r^. ,.*'^'fj VA ^ r ; « A -I— V 10 .) V I 'I T^'i 0' .v^' '% et .'' •- "-?TJ 1 *1 ' _y a I . o ; ; / Jl 1 4 J A ^1 R /I Ai ^-^fe^tii CAi^^.^'"^-^^ ^ ( /. .'/ ^i»ri ?H/ V 4^ r =r*'" •--(-- sffi! •rt-j '/c. n 4 - . ^/ - -* :^' J 4iA^ .-^U :->?. -^ ..^.L-' 4 . P^ .W_^ * ^r -4'&«- 'M -^1? _ ^ U ^mii /f s:ii:-i: ^^ rr^'^t ^/.• rt : a*" 5 1' .;^^_ > ^ ^j - 1 K r'^ 4 AC -< \ I lit T?a; >^ As ' ^*;^' til *>' s i T' r . ^ V> 1 *i» , . :^ .t.j.l ... . ,rtu I ' . ^ %ni^" HISTORY OF SOLANO COUNTY, CALIFOENIA. ' * nfln ( Tug flubjoct of ttiis historical sketch, although not tho largest in nrea, nut the most populous, not the wealthieat county of California, Dcvcrthulcss lias a nnmc and a history fraught with the same degree of int4!rcat to its inhubitants, nt host, as those of any county of the Golden State. Hero, as elsewhere, the ailveiitUTous pioneer, who had put tho mounlainsand plains ofaeoutinentbctwecii himself and the aHsoeiations of Ilia e^rly life, encountered tho dangers, and sufTered the hardships that could bo endured only by those who had " the stuff that heroes are made of." Tho invitation that nature hero proffered those who had the hardi- hood to uecept it was not to bo rejected. Tlie salubrity of the climate bad nut its parallel in the native places of the pioneers. The soil yielded up itB bounty in unstinted measure, and tho arms of the ocean reached out to bear It down to the highways of comnieree. The aet- tlera of this county did not err in judgment when they sought here their homes. The evidence of their wisdom is seen in the orchards and vineyards that dot the hillsides ; in the luxuriant harvests that lie upon the val- leys ; in the busy maris of trade, and in the thousands of happy homes wherein dwell peace and contentment. It' any lack of interest attaches to this county, it is because fortune has smiled lc£a benignly than nature. Like individuals, the county has had its great espeotntions, and at au early day narrowly escaped the honor of eoutaining within its borders the permanent scat of the St)ite government. In mitigation of that disappointment, however, it is some consolation to know that while the State capital w.ia seeking Eorae permanent abiding place, it deigned to pay the cities of Vallejo and Bonioia flying visits. The situation of the county, witJiout minute details of its productions, would suggest the seat of prosperity and wealth. It lies in the great Sacramento valley, within easy access to the metropolis of the Pacific coast, nod has a greater number of miles fronting upon navigable watet^ than any county of the State. BOUNDARIES. Tho boundaries of the county are mainly natural, being Yolo and Napa counties, the river De los Putos, or Putah creek, on the north ; Tola couoty and the Sacramento river on the east; the Sacramento river, the Suisun and San Pablo bays, and the straits of Carquincz on the south ; on the west, San Pablo bay and the crest of the Suscol hills and Blue mountains. Within these boundaries is conttiined an area of about 672,000 acres, of which 100,000 arc swamp and overflowed lands,—60,000 being Bait marsh and 40,000 fresh-water tide. Of this swamp land, about 30,000 acres have been levied in and reclaimed, placing it among the most productive land of the county. Along the western bouodary are high chaparral hills; but, with the exception of these and the Montezuma hills, the county consists of plains and rolling prairies. The arable land comprises about 4:35,000 acres. CIVIL DIVISIONS. Tlie civil divisions—not including incorporated towns and cities — comprise twelve townships,—Vallejo, Bonicia, Green Valley, Suisun, Montezuma, Denverton, Rio Vista, Maine Prairie, Elmira, Vacaville, Silveyville, and Tremont. Out of those twelve townships are formed forty-five public school districts,—Alamo, American Caiion, Benicia, Binghampton, Bunker Hill, Center, Collinsville, Crystal, Denverton, Dlkoo, Dover, Canright, Eghert, Esmeralda, Fairfield, Gomer, Grant. Green Valley, King, Maine Prairie, Montezuma, Horning Light, Oakdale, Owens, Peaceful Glen, Peiia, Pitts, Pleasants' Valley, Pulah, Rio Vista, Rockville, Round Hill, Lagoon, Salem, Silveyville, Slough, Solano, Suisun, Toland, Tromout, Ulattis, Union, Vallejo, Wolfskill, and Willow Springs. PRINCIPAL STREAMS. No streams of any considerable size traverse the county, although navigable waters largely constitute the boundary. IC/ie Itio de los Patos rises in Lake county; flows a general easterly direction, constituting the northern boundary of tho county, and empdea into the fresh-water tides of the Sacramento. Sweeney Creek rises in the Vaca hilb, six miles north of Vacaville; flows in a northeasterly direction for the distjmce of about eight miles ; thence in a southeasterly coutse to the vicinity of Maine Prairie, and empties into Cache creek slough. Vltillis Creel: rises in the Vaea hills, about; five miles northwest of Vacaville; flows through Vacaville in an easterly direction, and empties into the west branch of Cache creek slough. Alamo Creek rises about four miles west of Vacaville ; runs a south- easterly direction through Elmira, and enters Ulattis creek nciir Bing- hampton. Pteusfinls' Yaltei/ Crei:k rises about two miles west of Mr, M. K. Miller's place; runs in a northeasterly directiun through Pleasants' valley, and empties into Ilio de los Putos. Suisun Oee/i rises in Napa county; flows in a southeasterly direction, and empties into the salt marsh about one and a half miles east of Bridgeport. Green Valler/ Greek- rises in the northwest corner of township 5 JS., R. 2 W., and runs a southeasterly course about eight miles, emptying into Cordelia slough at Bridgeport. Sulphur Sprint/s Yalki/ CreeJe rises near the centre of township 4 N., R. 3 W., runs a southeasterly course through Sulphur Springs valley, and empties into the salt marsh two miles north of the United States barracks at Benicia. Sulphur Spn'nt/s Greek has its source at the White Sulphur Springs three miles northeast from Vallejo; runs a northeasterly coui-se, and empties into Napa bay about three miles north of A^allejo. SOIL. Tho soil is composed principally of decayed vegetation, with here and there alluvial deposits. , Vegetable growth and roots in a preserved state, resembling peat, are frequently found, the principal preservative agent being tannic acid. This is essentially an agricultural county, and is poor in mineral wealth. In 1860, gold in small quantities was discovered on Putah creek, and considerable excitement was occasioned thereby, which, how- ever, soon subsided. Prospecting for coal has developed nothing beyond "iavorable indi- cations." The quarrying of a very good quality of colored marble has as- sumed considerable importance as an industry, while the quarrying of basaltic paving-stones near Bridgeport affords employment to a large number of men. An excellent quality of building-stone crops out of the Blue mountains where the Los Putos breaks through at Devil's Gate. ABORIGINES, AND EARLY AMERICAN SETTLE- MENT. The history of early settlements in no part of our country can welt omit some account of tho aborigines who, with greater or less reluct- ance, gave over their ancient possessions to the adventurous pioneers. Prior to the coming of the white settlers, this part of the country was occupied by that numerous tribe of Indians called the Snisuues. They were perhaps less belligerent than many of the valley tribes, and certainly less so than their mountain neighbors. No especial encomium could truthfully be passed upon this people as they appeared upon the arrival of the American settler. In a few years they had slunk away from the presence of a superior race, and now live only in the memory of the pioneers. Their chief, Solano,—from whom is derived the name of this county, —embraced Christianity, receiving a baptismal name in honor of the celebrated missionary, Francisco Solano, and was made the recipient of the " Suisun Grant," containing seventeen thousand seven hundred and fiiVy-two acres. Before receiving this name he was called Soia- Ycio,—the fierce of bravo hand. The headquarters of the tribe was at Rockville, and their religious capital at Napa, near which latter place there was a certaiin stone from which they believed one of their gods bad ascended into upper air, leaving tho impress of a foot on the stone. General Vallejo saya that in 1817 a military expedition under com- mand of Lieutenant Joseii Sanchez crossed the Straits of Carquinca on rafts, for the double purpose of exploring the country and reducing it to Christianity. " On crossing the river they were attacked by tho Suisun tribe, — then headed by their chief Malaca,—who caused then) considerable loss ; the Indians fought bravely, but were forced to retire to their raneheria, where, being hotly puraued, and believing their fittc seated, these unfortunate people, incited by their chief, set fire to their oivn rush-built huts, and perished in the flames with their families. The soldiers endeavored to stay their desperate resolution in order to save women and children, but they preferred this doom to that wliioh awaited them in the tiands of their enemies," The Suisuncs, tike the race everywhere, were extremely superstitious ; but they, in common with all races, believed in a great and t)encvolGnt spirit, and also a mischief-maker or evil spirit, to whom they attributed all their misfortunes. Between the years 183T and 1840 the small- pox broke out among the Indians, and in the territory comprised by what is now Sonoma, Napa, and Solano counties, sixty thousand are wild to liave perished. Wittiin a few hundred feet of tho residence of Samuel Martin, near Rockville, there was an Indian burial-mound, and over a certain grave, in early days, a cross was standing which Ls believed by many to have marked the grave of the chief, Solano. In the fall of 1850 the greater part of the tribe removed from the Suisun valley to Napa, carrying upon their heads one thousand bushels of grain, which had been stored at their rancherin, near the burial-mound above mentioned. The Woirsktlt family are without doubt Ihe pionceis of Solano County. William Wolfskill came to California as early as 1828, and settled in Los Angeles. In 1843 he obtained of tho Mexican government a four-league grant of land on tho Bio de los Putos, and upon this gi-ant the first American settlement was made, where tho family of AVolfskill still reside. Ill 18-12 the Armijo family settled In Suisun valley, followed in tlie succeeding year by Vaca and Peiia, who settled in the vicinity of the town of Vacaville. These four families, up to 1846, at least, comprised the white population of Solano County. It may not be amiss to inquire what was tho appearance, what were the surroundings, of tho country that in 1846 and 1847 attracted settlers hither. All the valleys were covered with a most luxuriant growth of wild oata, among which fed vast herds of wild cattle, horses, elk and deer, while on the hills and in the canons of the mountains the fierce grizzly disputed the supremacy of the soil. From 184G to 18i30 but few settlers came into the county. Be- nicia was the first permanent settlement, although a point at the junc^ tion of the Sacramento river and Cache creek—a short distance above old Rio Vista—was settled npou by Feltia Miller and J. D. Hoppy, in the spring of 1S47, and this settlement was furttier increased in tho fall of that year by the arrival of Daniel M. Berry's family. In the fall of 1846, John Stilts, passing through the county on his way from Feather river to Sonoma, camped for the night on the farm of Charies Ramsey, in Green valley. In 1848 he returned to the valley to become its first permanent settler, and there he still resides. Stilts was followed in a short time by W. P. Durbin and Charles Ramsey. In the spring of 1848, the family of Daniel M. Berry, consisting of six members, removed from Cache creek, and became the firat permanent American settlers of Suisun valley. The widow of the pioneer Berry still lives upon the site where the first smoke arose from an American settler's cabin. Prior to 1850 the increase of population in the valley was decidedly slow. Before that date, in addition to those mentioned it is remembered that there wo(o here Halt Fine, Joseph Gordon, Lnndy Alford, Nathan Barbour, Henry Sweitaer, John M. Perry, William Taylor, and William Ledgewood. It is to be noted that these parties were in the Suisun valley, and do not include tlie settlers at Benicia, who, in 1850, were quite nu- merous. From the year 1850 onward, immigration to the valley became com- paratively rapid, and the poll-list kept at the first general election held in the county is given below, as showiug the voting population of Suisun valley. The election referred to was held on the second day of November, 1852,—the date that closed tho campaign between Scott and Pierce. There were then but two townships in Solano County,—Benicia and Suisun,—and the polling place in the latter town was at the Berry ranch. At this election, George A. Gillespie acted as inspector; Samuel Martin and Henry K. Curtis, as judges ; John Kelly, Jr., and T. J. Mosicr, as clerks. Being the first general election, it is safe to 10 assume that the voting population wofl at Berry's. These were the ToUire, voted: Christy Mauka, David Smith, Ileory B. Clark, Tbomaa Gray, Dadley C. Uryan, Landy AJfurd, G. BartOQ, Daniel K. Bony, Nathan Barhour, Jnniea M. Horan, Jamca H. Gordon, A. W. NortoD, P. M. Kirdcndall, Tiiomaa C. Maupin, G. W. G. Decker, Lewis S. Storey, Siduey Maupio, Henry Suhrader, John P. Fiak, John Doughty, Foster Johnson, Henry Swoitser, G. W. Sparks, Lee F. Owen, John Keeney, WiLiam Grisson, Luke Agar, H. J. McCord, A. W. Knox, William McCord, Aaron Lamorer, Henry Black, John Bell, John A. Slorgan, nufuB K. EmerBon, William S. Gray, William B. Bruwn, WiUiam H. Beeaon, William Ledgewood, Isaao Beesom, Nathaniel 3IcC. Miuifee, Freeman Nye, Calvin Littlefield, J. Doneanna, John W. Owen, Clark Stevenson, John E. Seaver, Philip Palmer, James F. C. Brown, J, N. Henderson, Rohert M. Gillespie, H. B. Jewett, D. S. Mosier, A. J. Van Every, T. H. Butler, Charles Forbes, H. E. Miller, J, 6. Norton, A. West, Jonathan Cook, D. M. Berry, J. R. Chadborn, Sidney Clark, William G. Kyle, Henry Russell, Jos. Blake, 8. W. Lawson, Alex. Blake, James 6. Edwards, Ihomas M. Alaupin, Warren P. Durbin, John B. Lemon, James M. Lemon, William H. Harless, Geo. G. Gardner, M. A. Martin, Geo. K. Mann, Dr. James H. Boon, Henry D. Lewis, Curtis Wilson, generally represented that day and the order in which ihoy Wm. H. Geasnep, Thomas H. Owen, S. Gregory, J. C. Brown, A. F. Hudson, Henry Hasburg, Natli. Barsto, A. Jones, John M. Perry, John Welch, Hiram Macey, David F. Beveridge, Edwin Foigcr, J. F. EmcrBon, M. R, Cochran, Stephen Cooper, James Hopkins, 0. B. Tebbs, Cuthburt Burnell, Chas. W. Shattuek, William 3. Brown, Clark Hall; Sabina Stiles, Anderson Knox, B. A. Godfrey, James Howlett, John Kellcy, Jr., P. A. Chalfiu, Charles Pratt, Samuel Martin, Geo. A. Gillespie, WiUiam I. Glenn, W. H. Wood, William Ramsey, Harvey James, Lcvislon Willis, Henry K. Curtis, T. J. Mosier, J. S. Woudburn, Henry Dawson, W. H. Carpenter, Reuben K. Wiley, Harvey J, Mitelicll, Hiram Abshicr, J. P. McKissik, Nathan H. Gregory, Sampson Smith, B. Frank Woodburn, J. R. Green, R. Littleton, A. R. Edginglon, Edwin Forbes, Jonathan De Vaull, Moses Keys, William G. Matthews, William H. James, John A. Reichai't, William Giendenin, E. K. Duulap, James L. Miles, John K, West, TJ. P. Dagman, Charles White, Nathan Cutler, John Wagman, William Clayton, - Thomas Scott, Jacob Wildersin, William Marr, Giles Stettman, James Smith, Thomas Hallcy, C. S. Parker, G. E. Hait, James Craige, M. Brown, Lucius Morey, William Riley, H. F. Connor, Charles A. Pcabody. of the supreme court, received the highest ''"'"I'" ^^ ^'''^ ^^^' e n idate for judge of the seventh judicial distnc^-Thomas J. Bog^ mig-eeeived the highest number. Thomas H. Owen, Democrat^ Idfdato for the State assembly, received the highest number ; Georg^ ^vtlcDcm.) received twenty-six votes for county treasurer, a^nst ^vcTylur Jt for Samuel C Gray (Whig). Daniel K. Berry Whig) received one hundred and twenty-five voles for justice of the Lc«, against ninety-seven east for W. P- Dagman CDcm.). 'f" Nonstable of Suisun township, Sampson Smith tDcmO received one hundred and ten votes, against ninety-one for Cnrtis Wilson and ninety-two for R. M. Gaiespie (Vfht^')- The fii^t forming done in the county was conducted upon quito ^"ihe plows &.^t'used were similar to those with which the Egyptians turned the soil in the valley of the Nile three thousand yea.^ ago. Tbc pai-t that the steam separator of to-day plays was performed by tlm hoofs ofnativehorsestrampingthchar^'cstedgrain. Steam flour,ng-m.lis were preceded by hand-mills fastened to some central oak, where the grinder llid indeed earn his bread by the sweat of his face. But the means of subsistence were not difficult. Game abounded, and the conscience of any pioneer permitted him to kill his supply of beef from among the bands of wild cattle that thronged the hills, although it was faintly surmised that these butchers had an imperfect title to this game. MINERAL SPRINGS. With the exception of the White Sulphur springs near Vallejo,— n.eutlon of which will be made in the sketch of that city, there are no mineral springs in Solano County that have attracted sufficient attention to render them places of resort. Numerous sulphur and soda springs abound, however, and the waters of some of the latter are being utilized for commercial purposes. LAND TITLES. For years following the first settlement of the county a species of civil warfare prevailed, growing out of the litigation of land titles. By the terms of the treaty of Guadaloupe Hidalgo, the United Stat«s governmont was bound to confirm titles to the grantees of Spanish and Mexican grants, upon proper showing. The boundaries of these grants were not always definite, and the title to some of them believed to be imperfect. The consequence was that a long war between equattera and pro- prietors was waged in court and out of court, causing bitter animosities and, not unfrequently, acts of violence and bloodshed. Surveying parties were forced to desist from their work ; stakes and land-marks were destroyed ; writs of ejectment were numerous, and occasionally the officer attempting to serve them was himself ejected not according to due process of law. The most noted litigation grew out of the Luco and Suscol grants. In'the case of the former, after a most vexatious and expensive con- test in the courts, the grant was declared invalid, and it became public land. The Suscol, an eleven-league grant, was rejected, and a special pre-emption act of Congress passed permitting all purchasers under the A''allejo title to enter their lands at S1.25 per acre. The larger part of the arable land of the county was covered by these grants, of which there were six in number—Rancho Rio do los Putos, or Wolftkill, Baneho de los Putos, or Vaca and Pena, Tolenas or Armijo, Suisun, Suscol, Los Ulpinos, or Eidwell. At this election the Democratic presidential electors, Dcmocratio candidates for Congress, for judges of the supremo court, and for ulerk COMMON SCHOOLS. The interest taken in, and provision made for, the public schools do credit to the intelligence and public spu-it of the citizens of Solano. From the report of the superintendent of schools, given below, will be seen the number and character of the pupils in attendance, and the approximate yearly amount required to maintain the schools. The report referred to is for the school year ending June 30, 1876. Number of white children in the county between the ages of 5 and 17 years,—boys, 2313; girls, 2141; total, 445-1. Number of negro children between 5 and 17 years, 23. Number of Indian children who live under the guardianship of whito parents, 11. Number of children under 5 years of ago, 2134. Number of children between 5 and 17 years who have attended school at any time during the year, 3181. Number of children between 5 and 17 who have attended private schools but not public schools during the year, 460. Number of ehildren who have not attended school at any time dur- ing the year, white, 836 ; negro, 4 ; Indian, 6. Number of Mongolian ehildren under 17 ycara of age, 44; none attending school. One deaf and dumb child, and one blind, Of the nativity of children there were, native born of native parents, 2932 ; native horn, one parent foreign, 1185 ; native born, both parents foreign, 2043 ; foreign born children, 506. Tho amount of money expended for school purposes in 1875 was 866,591.31. NEWSPAPERS. Tho firat experiment in the newspaper publishing business, in Solano County, was made at Benieia, in tho month of November, 1855, by Messrs. George and Gcllers. The paper was called the SoUim County Herald. In 1858 tho place of publication was removed to Suisun, and the first number issued there was dated the 2d day of October of that year. The managera, who at that time were William J. Hooton & Co., announced that their office was in the " new building south of the plana.^' In the issue of December 17, 1859, 3. G- Lawton, Jr., appears as editor and publisher, although prior to that time he had been editor. On the 10th day of March, 1860, Powers and Gunnison became the owners, Gunnison oc- cupying the editor's chair. Later iu that year, Edward E. Hathaway was admitted to the firm, and the name and style became 0- B. Powcra &Co. , :, In 18G2, H. Hubbard & Co. started the Solano Press, and continued the publica'tion until September, 1866, when their interest was pur- chased hy George A. Gillespie and Woodford Owens. In tho fall of 1869 tho PrcsB was consolidated with the Herald, tho consolidation resulting in the present Solum Repvhlkan. In October, 1875, the paper was purchased by its present proprietors, Montgomery and Bowen. Tho Solano Count!/ Democrat, Thompson & Linthicum, publishers, was established at Suisun on the 30th day of April, 1868. In 1870 its place of publication was changed to Vallejo. In 1871 it was made a daily, hut in the following year it was discontinued. Soon after, Linthicum commenced the publication of the DaUi/ Indejpendcni. This also, after a short time, was discontinued. The first newspaper published in Vallejo was called the Wecht^ Bulletin, and was conducted by Cox and Eaton. It was established in the latter part of 1355, and continued in existence dx weds. Its duration fittingly corresponded with its size, which was about that of a sheet of foolscap. On the 23d day of February, 1367, the FfiRgo fTeeWy Recorder made its appcai-ance, with Poor & Baker, proprietore. On the 20th day of June, in the same year, the Daily Recorder was started, with -George A. Poor as editor. This was intended as a campaign sheet, and, with its mission accomplished, ceased to exist. In September, 1868, the Semi- Weekly Recorder was begun, which met with a fair degree of success. On the 29th day of June, 1867, the Chronicle, of Vallejo, made its appearance as an independent journal, with Leach and Gregg pub- lishers and proprietors. In the month of October, of the same year, the WceMy gave place to a daily, and on May 22, 1869, a weekly was again issued in con- junction with the daily, and the two, under the management of Frank A. Leach, have continued to the present time, meeting with a flattermg degree of success. In 1875, the Times, daily and weekly, were established at Vallcgo, and still continue in a prosperous condition, under the management of Messrs. Roe & Walsh. In addition to the above Vallejo papers, may he mentioned three sheets that appeared at different times, tor special purposes,—The Solano County Advertiser, the Open Letter, and the Independent Advocate, a campaign sheet, published in 1875. The Dixon Tribune made its appearance at Dixon on the 14lh day of November, 1874, B. D- Hopkins, editor, and R. D. Hopkins & Co,, publishers. ^ About one year after it was started, Hopkins became sole proprietor and continued its publication until April 1, 1877, when it went under the present management of Alfred B. Nye. The Tribune was started as a neutral paper in politics. In 1875 it became Democratic. Under the management of Jilr. Nye the paper is independent and non-partisan. Sizo, 24 hy 36 inches. It is a weekly, and has a circulation of five hundred and fifty copies. Rio Vista Enterprise.—On the 22d day of September, 1877, the Rio Visla Enterprise, a weekly journal devoted to the intcr(sts of Rio Vista and its immediate vicinity, made its appearance, with J. A. Wliitmorc and W. A. Bushnell, publishers and proprietors. CRIMES AND PUNISHMENTS. In the history of Solano County there have been hut two executions by process of law. Some atrocious crimes have at intervab been com- mitted, and the pcrpetnitors have sometimes escaped unwhipped of justice. Tho firat case of homicide occurred at or near Rockville, where a squatter met foul play at tho hands of some Spaniards. But tho first to create any considerable excitement was the killing of Jonathan Cook, in 1854. Cook, it appears, had missed quite a largo sum of money, and had charged one George K. Munn with the iheft. Whether true or false, llio charge was indignantly denied by Jlann, and Cook was cautioned to desist from repeating the charge. The warning was disregarded, and on a certain Sunday afternoon, tho parties meeting about two miles from Cordelia, angry words ensued, which were tbUowcd by a gunshot from Slanu that instantly killed Cook. Tbis occurred iu the presence of a justice of tho peace and others, but tho murderer and an accomplice named Siffoixl made their escape, and were never afterward heard of. Tho code of criminal procedure in the Torritoriid days of the county, if not later, must have been largely copied from the code iu force at tliu mining camps on tho mouDtaiiis. Aa a sample of the way in which iuitice was aflminiBtered in the conntj in 1&49, we take a case reported in the court of First Instance for the dixtrict of Sonoma. The court was held at Bcniuia, Stephen Cooper, judge, presiding. The case is that of " The People of California Territory against George Palmer." It docs not appear from the records what the offense was, hot the defendaiit was found guilty by a jury, and received the following aen- tcncc: " On Saturday, the 2'Jth day of November, to be conducted by the sheriff to some public place and there receive on his bare back seventy- live tushes with such weapon as the Bhertir may decni fit, on each count (llicrc were two) respectively, and to be banished from the district of Sonoma within twelve hours after whipping, under penalty of receiving the Hamo number of lashea for each and every day ho remuins in the district after the first whipping." BENICIA. Oil the morning of the 16th day of Juno, IS'IG, a company of thirty-three Americans, from Sutter's fort, Napa and Sonoma valleys, inarched into the town of Sonoma about daybreak, captured the garri- son, and took General Vallejo—commanding-general of the province — prisoner. These proceedings constituted the beginning of the " Bear Plag Muvemcut," which culminated in the cession of California Territory to the United States. Dr. Kobcrt Scrapie was deputed to convey some of the prisoners (among whom were Genornl Vallejo and hie brother Salvador) to Sut^ ter's fort, As they were passing up the Stniits of Carquioez in a launch, Dr. Scmple noticed that ibo site of what is now Denicia afforded excellent opportunities for the building of a town, and that project was diacussod between the ciiptivo general, who owned the land, and Dr. Scmple. As soon as Governor Muson had released General Yallcjo, negotia- tions were entered into whereby Dr. Scmple acquired an interest in a large tract of land fronting upou the straits, with tho understanding that, the foundation of a city was there to be laid. In 1847 Vallejo sold his interest to Thomas 0. Larkin, and thereupon the city was laid out. The plat is entitled " Plan of Eenicia City, fouuded by K, Scmple and T. 0. Larkin, Esqrs., 1847." Appended tlicreto b the following : " We, the undersigned, do hereby certify tliut the above is a true and porfeot copy of the original Plan of Beuicia City, drawn by Jasper 0. Farrell. "Stephen Cooper, "Judge of the Court of First Instance. " H. R. S. O'Mblteny, " E. H. Howe, C. E." In 1848 Genernl W. T, Sltermnu visited Bcnicia, and in his " Me- moirs" he gives some interesting statements concerning the origin and naming of the city. He says : " Wo found a solitary adobe house occupied by Mr. Hastings and his family, embracing Dr. Semple, the proprietor of the ferry. The ferry was a ship's boat, with a lateen sail, which could carry six or eight horses. It took us several days to cross over. During the time we got well acquainted with the doctor, who was (^uite a cliaructer. He was about seven feet high, and very intelligent. Foreseeing, as he thought, a groat city on the bay some- where, he selected Carquincz straits as its location, and obtained fiom Gcucral Vallejo title to a league of land, on condition of building a city to bear the name of General Vallejo's wife: this was Franoisca Beniuia. Accordingly, the city wiis first culled Fiancisca. At this time, where San Francisco now is was known as Yerba Buena. Now, someof the chief men of that place, knowing the importance of a name, saw their danger, and so changed tho name to San Francisco. " Dr. Scmple was so outraged at their changing the name to one so nearly like his town, tliat he, in turn, changed his town's name to the other name of Mrs. Vallejo, and Benicia it lias been to this day. That Beuicia was the best natural site for a commercial city, I am satisfied, and had half the money and half the labor been bestowed upon it that has been spent on San Francisco, we should this day have a city of palaces on the Carquinez straits." Bcnicia is the oldest town in Solano County ; indeed, there was no other town upou the Sacramento river at the time of its settlement. The site could not fail to strike any observer as favorable to the found- ing of a city. It lies on the north side of the straits of Carquincj;, has a deep-water frontage for miles, and thousands of acres of undulating surface admirably adapted to the building of a beautiful city. Sanguine expectations were for a time entertained for the future of the city. It was for years the county-seat, and at one time (1854) the State capital. In 1849 or 1850 the town wag incorporated as a city. The city council was composed of six members, and Captain Kar- ney was the firat mayor. About that time the United States govern- ment located its barracks and arsenal at Bcnicia, and about 1853 the lacific mail steamship company came aud located their extensive works. The first government officer in command was Major Allen. The present commanding officer is Colonel Julian MeAllLster. During all these eorly years business was prosperous, the town improving, aud tho populatiop. rapidly increasing. The first misfortune befell the city in 1854, when the Slate capital was removed to Sacramento. The town had erected at its own expense a substantial building for a State-house—a building in everj- way adequate to the requirements of the new Sute. After one year's occupation by the Slate government it was left deserted, hut at present possibly does the State better service by being used as the public-school building. The contest over the question of removal was a bitter one. The bill effecting ilmt end was pa,^cd at three o'clock in the morning, tho governor sitting up to sign, for fear of a reconsideration. The second misfortune was the removal of the eounty-seat to Fair- field in 1858 ; and the next occurrence tending directly to tho dis- advantage of Benicia was the removal of the Pacific mail company's works to San Francisco. "Willi the lines of railroad surrounding tho city, hut not coming within its reach, and with the drawbacks above mentioned, the growth and prosperity of Benicia were materially checked. In ono respect, however, it attained a point of cscalleuce equaled by few places in tho State—in that of educational institutions. The first building believed to have been erected in Bcnicia was an adobe. It was built by William I. Tustin, and is still standing. Major Stephen Cooper kept tho first hotel. Major Cooper was also alcalde and judge of the court of Firat Instance for tho disLrict of Sonoma. Bcnicia has been the residenceof quite a number of men prominent in local and State politics. Its founder, Dr. Robert Scmple, was president of the convention that framed the State constitution. The military establishments in the city have at different times been the headquarters of the most distinguished of American generals, while the schools have attracted people of learning ond refinement. For the truth of history it must be recorded that for years this was the home of one who acquired a world-wide—though unenviable — reputation, John C. Heenan, the Benicia boy. A few of the pioneers who came to Benicia at or shortly after its first settlement are still living here, among whom are E. H. Van Phis- ter and Hon. L. B. Misner. Andrew Goodyear, who came in 1350, still lives a few miles from town. This is the home of the venerable Captain John Walsh, wbo sailed into San Franoiaoo bay in the year 1818. ST. CATHERINE'S ACADEMY. This institution is under the auspices of the Sisters of Saint Dom- iuic, an order founded in the thirteenth century. The academy was established on the Pacific coast in 1850. The building first occupied in Benicia was one rented of Dr. Semple. At that time three sisters only conducted it. Now about thirty employ their time in its various departmenta, and the school has an average attendance of about one hundred and fifty pupils. The building is delightfully located, and is in itself a commodious and substantial structure, as may be seen from the lithographio view in this volume. The doors of this institution ore open to respectable young ladies of every religious creed who desire the acquirement of a refined and solid education. The coui-sc of instruction embraces the English, French, Spanish, and Latin languages, Rhetoric, Elocution, Composition, Ancient and Modern History, Biogi'aphy, Mythology, Arithmetic, Algebra, Geome- try, Book-keeping, Botany, Natural Philosophy, Chemistry, Geography, Astronomy and Use of Globes, Vocal Music, Instrumental Music, Writing, Drawing, Painting, Tapestry, Plain and Ornamental Needle- work, etc. The academic year consists of one term, commencing August 16, and closing about the middle of June. COLLEGE OF ST. AUGUSTINE. This, and " St. Mary of the Pacific," are the diocesan schools of the northern diocese of the Episcopal Cliureh in California, and are under the immediote supervision of Bishop Wingfield. The late Bishop Breek devoted much time and effort in perfecting the workings of these church schools, which have now attained a worthy reputation throughout the State. The college of St. Augustine was founded in 1867, and incorporated according to the laws of California, May 14, 1868. The location of the college is unsurpassed for health and beauty. The buildings occupy an elevated site and command an extenaivo view of the straits of Carquinez and the beautiful hills beyond, with Mount Diablo on the left, and San Pablo bay on the right. The grounds of the college comprise sixty acres about one mile back from the open bay, and a portion of them arc tastefully laid out and decorated with flowers, ornamental trees, and shrubbery. Tho 11 buildings ore commodious and inviting, imd were built for the par- poses to which ihcy are dovoted. Of late years, the idea of aflbrding eicrcise to and obtaining obedi- ence from pupils by means of military drill and discipline lias become a favorite one. These means arc hero employed, the spacious grounds being well adapted to the rei[uiremcnl8 of a militar}- school. The surest test of the training a boy has received at school is made when he applies for admission to the universities. It is to the credit of St. Augustine college that its young men have uniformly stood well at the university. In the work of instruction the rector is aided by a corps of expe- rienced and competent professors and teachers, who devote their time exclusively to the business of the eollego. ST. MARY OP THE PACIFIC, This institution of learning was founded in 1870 by tho late Rev, J. Lloyd Brcck, D.D., and was designed to be the church tmining- school for the daughters of tho Pacific coast. Its systoms were modeled after those of "St. Mary's Hall," Minnesota, the church school of Bishop Whipple, which has attained throughout tho cast an excellent reputation for usefulness and efficiency. St, Mnry of the Pacific is in charge of Bishop Wingfield, assisted by a corps of com- petent and experienced teachers. A vast amount of money has been expended in putting this school upon its present fooling. A better location for a female school could not have been found. The mountain and water scenery is unsurpassed for beauty and attractiveuess, 'The building itself is perhaps the most prominent one in Bcnicia, and, by its internal arrangements, every requirement of health, cupofort, and convenience is satisfied. The physical eare of the young ladies stands prominent as a feature of the school, never to be sacrificed from ambitious motives to excel. The full course of instruction embraces seven years, and is designed to be as thorough as that of the best female seminaries in the east. BEMICIA YOUNG LADIES' SEMINARY. This institution ranks among the very oldest educational institutions of California. It was founded by Miss Atkins, from the high-school in Columbus, Ohio. Miss Mary E. Snell is principal. This seminary has long maintained a high reputation as a school of thorough mental training ; while it is wholly free from Bcetarian bias, there is unre- mitting attention to the moral training of the pupils, on a platform common to all Christian teachers. ST. DOillNIC'S MISSIONARY COLLEGE (Catholic) was founded by Rev. S. Vilarraaa at Monterey, in 1852, but was removed to Benicia in 1854. Its object is to prepare young men for missionary life. CORDELIA. Next to Benicia this is the oldest town of the county. It was originally situated in Green valley, about one-half mile north of the present towu of Bridgeport, on the old stage road between Beuieia and Sacramento. As early as 1853 there was a post-office located here, which was afterwards removed to Rockvillc, and thence to Bridgeport. Tho place, that now exists only in the memory of the older settlers, has witnessed the sittings of several of the earlier county conventions. Cordelia, upon the passage of the railroad in 1868, was absorbed by BRIDGEPORT, a station of the California Pacific railroad, fifteen miles distant from Vallejo. It is situated upon a navigable slough of Suisun bay, at the entrance to Green valley. It has a church, school, railroad depot, hotel, box-factory, wagon-shop, blacksmith-, butcher-, shoemaker-, and harness-shops. Tho village ia in a prosperous and growing condition. Present population, about two hundred. ROCKVILLE lies on the old stage road, about five miles west from Fairfield. A stone church building, a school-house, and blacksmith-shop, with a few scattered dwellings, make up the present town. Before the railroad entered the valley Rockville had less the appear- ance of a " deserted village." It formerly had a post-office, hotel, and store. Here was a rancheria of the Suisunes and the headquarters of the chief, Solano. Here, too, the music of the anvil was first heard in the valley, and John JI. Perry produced a rude kind of plow at the moderate price of sixty-five dollars. FAIRFIELD. This is the county-seat of Solano County. Tlie name was given the place by Captain R. H. Waterman, in honor of his native town, Fairfield, Gonncctiout. It is situated north of and adjoining tho city of Suisun. The town site, at tho time it was platted, was the property of B. H. Waterman and A. E. Richie. The plat was filed for record May 16, 1859. 12 In 1858 an election was held ia the couDty for the purpose of deciding whether the conntyseat should he removed from BeT.icm, where it then was. Out of seventeen hundred and thirty votes cob , ten hundred and twenty-nino were in favor of removal to Fairfield, and on the 14th day of September, 1858, the board of superviBora made an official announcement of the result of the election. The tow,, is favorably located, not only for the convon.encc of the citizens of the county having business at the county-scat, hut in a eommercial sense as well. To the west of the town are some of the very best agricultural lands of the valley. The present poputaUon is about two hundred. , In addition to tho county buildings, there are liere an excellent Kradcd school, Methodist church, and a church of the Second Advcn- tists in process of construction. There arc two hotels, a l.very stable, and hlaukBmith-shop. About three miles northeast from Fairfield is located the county infirmary, which was erected in 1876. This institution is conducted in a creditable manner, and reflects honor upon tho humanitarian feelings of the people of this county. Connected with the infirmaty are aixty aorea of land. VACAVILLE. The plat of this town was filed for record December 13, 1851, and h entitled as follows : " Mapa de la villa a Vacaville, Estado de Cali- fornia, Fundallo per Guillermo McDnnicI y Lino B. Miznor." The pint of Benicia is tho only one in the county that antedates it. The town and the valley in which it lies take tlieir name from Vaca, a native of Santa F6, New Slexico, who, with Peiia, came into Lagoon valley in 1S43. They obtained a grant of forty-four thousand three hundred and eighty acres, called Rancho los Putos. Contained within this grant are lands that for agricultural purposes are une-tcelled by any on the Pacific coast. The yield and the quantity of the early fruits grovm in Taca and Pleasants' valleys arc matt^ra of notoriety throughout the State. Owing to these facts, the settlers in these valleys have, in many eases, attained to an enviable competency, and the scores of well-kept orchards and vineyards that surround comfortable homes attest the general prosperity. Although the plat of Vacaville hears the file mark of December 13, 1S51, it will he seen from what follows that the laying out of avenues and streets, and designating tbem by names, was not absolutely neces- sary for the convenience of the citizens of " Villa de Vacaville" at that period. Henry B. Ammons, Esq., who looated in Vaca valley in the fall of 1851, remcmbera that at the time of his settlement one building only constituted the entbe public and private structures of the town. "Wil- liam MoDaoie! was the owner of the building in question. The second one oreoted was a rude kiud of hotel, kept by one WcGuire. In the fall of 1854 the town began to assume some importance, and at this date Mr. E. F. Gillespie opened a general merchandising store near the site of the present Wilson House. His was the first store opened in Vacaville. Prior to 1850 tho whole valley surrounding Vacaville was a range for the cattle of Vaca and Peiia. Among the first to settle in this part of the county were Evan Dollerhide and three eons, the two Stevensons, the Long brotliere (a numerous family, part of which crossed the plains in 1846), and Bichardson and S. W. Long, cousins of the Long brothera above mentioned. James M. Pleasants, in 1851, settled in the beautiful valley that bears his name. He was followed by M. B. Miller and E. E. Therber. The first occupation afforded the settlere of the country around Vacaville was the cutting of the rank wild oats, and transporting the same to points upon the Sacramento river. The site of Vacaville was well chosen. Tlie Ulattis creek, which runs through it, is never entirely dry, and wliat is more singular is the fact that the volume of water in the stream at Vacaville increases year by year. The acencry, the climate, the church and educational advantages pertaining to Vacaville, render it a most desirable place of residence. In 1860 the Vaca Valley railroad entered the town. The projectors of this enterprise wore A. M. and G. B. Stevenson, Theodore and Joshua Donaldson, and Mr. Mansfield. On the 4ih day of June, 1877, an extensive fire occurred, which destroyed nearly one-half of the town. The damage, however, is only temporary, as buildings of a better character are being constructed in place of those destroyed. Besides tho public school, Vacaville has a collegiate institution that affords opportunities for prosecutiug a complete coutso of clnaaicll and scientific studies. This institution is known as California College. It IB under the auspices of the Baptists, The religious denominations represented in this town are tho Pres- byterians, Baptists, and Christians. The roll of business places includes one first-class hotel (tho Wilson Housed, three general mcrcliandising-storcs, two drug-stores, two blackHmith-sliops, grain warohouacs, railroad, express, and telegraph offices. The population is about 400. ELMIRA. The namesake of this town is the city of Elmira, New Tork^ The place is also known as Vaea station, it being the junct.c^^ of the Cab Lnia Pacific and Vaca Valley, and Clear Lake railroads. T"; located on the southwest quarter of section 10, township 6 B. 1 and the plat was filed for rewrd October 20, 1868. From the above date it will be seen that the parage of tho rai road JZ to the town. The plat comprises about •*-ty_aere« -d w. L property of Stephen Hoyt, who laid out the town -n 1868. T^ ettlement of the country surrounding Elm. ra was begun in 185^. stJh t, Charles Pearson, and Jedcdial. Williams were set Ic.. at 5 at peri d. In 1854, Ha.cn Hoyt and Allen Van Fleet sett d 1 the present town site, and Wellington Boone and J-- ^o-e became settlers on what is known as the Hawkins' Place. Thefi^t is of barley were raised in 1853. by Stephen Hoyt -'^ A'len V " Fleet. Sacramento, at the time, was the pnnc.pal market for the products of this part of the valley. f „ „„j In 1854, Hazcn Hoyt marketed there the first lot of hogs fattened in this vicinity, for which he obtained eight cents per pound. Elmira is distant ten miles in a northeasterly direction from the county-scat, Population, about 500. _ Church and school interests arc represented in a manner mdicabng thrifty and enterprising citizens. There are two stores doing a general merchandise business two hotels, two warehouses, a lumber-yard, livery-stable, and three black- smitb-shops. Good water is supplied from wells. DIXON. This thriving village lays no claims to antiquity, having sprang into existence upon the passage of the California Pacific, in 1868. But with its rise dates the decline of the old town Silvcyville, which was absorbed by its younger and more favored rival, Dixon. In this con- nection, therefore, we give a brief sketch of SilveyvUle as it w.is. The place took its name from Elijah S. Silvey, who, in 1852, settled there It was Silvey's intention to locate midway between Vacaville and Putah creek, and thereby be enabled to keep, for the accommoda- tion of the traveling public, a "half-way house." The question would naturally be suggested, what was the object of a half-way house, or any other public-house situated amid wild oals upon the open pniiric? But the establishment was not without patronage from the first. In addition to the hotel, Silvey kept a corral for stock, and old settlers remember the red lantern hung by night upon a flag-staff to indicate to belated travelers the place of rendezvous. On Christmas day, 1856, George A. Gillespie commenced the con- struction of a store, which was the second building erected in Silvcy- ville. In 1857, Simmons and Long,—to supply a supposed necessity of the town,—constructed tho third building and occupied it as a saloon. Prior to the building of the railroad, Silvcyville had attained eon- sidemblc importance as a trading point To-day not much remains of what the town once was. The old hotel still stands, but the changes of twenty-fivo years have rendered the hanging out of the red lantern by night no longer necessary. Among the eariier settlci-s in the country surrounding SilveyvUle, were Hardin Reddick, Newton C- Peters, and James Sweeney. Sixim takes its name from Thomas Dickson, who donated the rail- road company ten acres of land for depot and other purposes. It lies on the California Pacific railroad, forty miles in a northeasterly direction from Vullejo. Unlike too many California towns, Dixon does not show evidence of having "seen better days." From the first it has steadily and continuously grown, and, while younger than most of tho towns of Solano County, it ranks next to Vallejo in business and population, and second to none in general prosperity. This fovorable condition of things is attributable to tho energetic men who have had interests at stake in the town, and to the wide reach of mognifieent farming lands that surround it. For grain- producing purposes, a large part of the land in Silvcyville township (in which Dixon is situated) is unexcelled. Before the completion of the Vaca Valley railroad as high as 25,000 tons of grain have been received at Dixon in a single year. On the 7tli day of July, 1868, the fii-st goods were offered for sale by W. K. Ferguson, who in 1853 had settled at Maine Prairie, fi-om whence he removed to Di.ion. Mr. Ferguson also built the first dwelling-house in the town. In the mercantile line, Eppingor, and Blum, Sons & Co., followed Mr. Ferguson. Although containing a population of about twelve hundred, Dixon has never been incorporated. From tho following list of business and other interests may bo in- ferred the condition of the town,—especially when it is claimed that business here has never been overdono. Bank of Dison, established in 1874, capital stock, §500,000; J. C. Morrificld president, and A. J. Kastcn, cashier. A weekly news- paper, and job, printing office, 7 hotels and 2 livery stables, 4 general merchandise stoves, 2 grocery-stores, 2 dmg-storcs, 2 jewolry-storcs, 2 millinery-stores, 2 butclior-shops, 3 blauksniith-shops, 2 barber-shops, 1 tailor-shop, 1 brewery, 1 flouring-mill, 1 pluning-inill, 1 wagon and plow manufactory, 1 cabinet maker's shop, 1 lumber-yard, and 4 gnin warehouses, with a total capacity of 10,000 tons. There arc resident here as professional men, 1 editor, 2 lawyers, 3 physicians, and 1 dentist. Six religious denominations are represenled, the Baptist, Methodist, Gorman Lutheran, Boman Catholic, Cocgre- . gational, and Seventh Day Adventists. Five of these organimiont - liavo church edifices. There is a public graded school, employing four teachers, and having about two hundred pupils in attendance. The secret and benevolent societies arc well represented, and all an in a prosperous condition, RIO VISTA. In the full of 1857, Colonel N. H. Davis, an enterprising rancher, living on the upper end of the Ulpinoa or Bidwcll grant, near tlie junction of Cache slough and the Sacramento river, surveyed a tenn- plat on his ranch. This plat was duly recorded. The site of the town was one mile below the mouth of Cacbo alou-^h. He called tho town Brazos del Kio (arms of the river), » very appropriate name, as it lay near the junction of three arms or branches of the Sacramento river. Three years later the nainewu changed to Eio Vista (river view), a name also vcrj- appropriate, as the town site was nearly opposite one of the three branches of the river, thus affording truly a splendid Rio Vifta. At the time of the survey, Colonel Davis' residence was the only bouse upon the site. The first building upon the plat after the surret was a store building moved from Sidwell's landing on Grand ialacd, and was occupied by A. G. Westgate for mercantile purposes. This building stood on the corner of Main and Front streeti. This was followed in rapid succession by a butcher-shop by A. J. Bryant, a hotel by Freeman Brothers (James and Thomiis), ahotd by W. K, Squires, a blacksmith-shop by Simon Fallman, a tin-shop by Carter & Son (Bobert and Eobert C), a store by S. K. Peny,» dru"-store by Freeman Brothers, a drug-store by C. A. Kirkpalrick, i livery-stable by James Hammell, and several private residences, making in all quite a httle village. In the spring of 1858, Colonel Daris constructed a wharf 24 X^o feet, which answered all demands at tbt time. John Sidwell was the builder. In 1859 the Steam Navigation Co. came into possession of the wbaif, and, to accommodate their large steamers, the wharf was enlar^t-d to48XlyfJ feet. The lai^e and magnificent steamers, New WorlJ, Eclipse, Antelope, and Senator were then plying between San Fran Cisco and Sacramento. Colonel Davis early established a post-office in the town, and that made it a kiud of headquarters for all the surronnd- inrr country, as there was no other office within twenty miles of the place. At this time there was a great abundance of salmon in the Sacramento river, and hundreds of men were engaged in fishing. As there was no other boat-landing between Sacramento and Bcmcii, there were thousands of fish shipped from this point daily. Evetj- thing was prosperous and in a flourishing condition in the new tomi for five years, when a circumstance occurred which was destined lo sweep the town out of existence at one fell swoop. In the fall uf 1801 it began raining some time before Christmas, and continued almost incessantly for the Ir.iditional forty days and forty nights. The water in the S.icramento rose to unheard-of heights. Dunng the last days of December, in 1861, the water rose high enough lo sweep away all the smaller houses in the town, hut it was reserved for the 9lh day of January, 1S62, to witness the culmination of the fearful catastrophe whereby a whole village was to be swept out of existence, its people escaping with barely their lives. On that day the water stood ten feet deep at the foot of Mam street, and very nearly that deep all over the town and surrounding country. For miles in all directions the whole face of the countrj- «^ covered with a wild waste of waters. A terrible rain-storm prevailed all day, with a gale blowing from the east. The waves ran high, and. beating against the houses, made total wreck of all long before night, leaving the people to get to the high lands or other places of safetj as best they could. They all collected together on the top of a mound not far distant from tho site of the lately thriving village. They brought a few things with them, and managed to eke out a few days of the mosl miserable existence until a steamer ciuue and took them off. Those days and nights of misery and privation are perhaps among the hardest tho early pionecre were called upon to undergo. All ihnl now remains to mark the site of the old towu are a few fast decaying piles that formed a part of the wharf A few strangers sleep in unkuown graves near there; cattlo and horses now graze undisturbed where was once the busy mart of trade. Shortly after this, perhaps in tho month of March, 1S62, sevi-ial of tlie former residents of Rio Vista be^Tin casting about for a mort secure place whereon to pitch their tents, » location abovo tho rearh of the raging flood. The upper edge of tho Montezuma hills, at the northeast corner ol Mr. Joseph Bruning's ranch, presented the most favorable appearauW. aud ncgotintiouB were at oiico entered into with Mr. Bruniiij; for tho catablishmont of tho town on ila present site. Act-ordingly, ^" Bruuing surveyed and recorded tho town-plat of " Now Bio Viata m 18G2. Mr. T. J. SlcWorthj owned a. ranch adjoining Mr. Bnining on the ujjper side, and lie also Burvejed and recorded an addition to thr- totrii. Main street was estobliihed on the line of division between the twc ranches, and tlie town has grown up on eitlicr side of Main dlreel. In the first place, aa an inducement to settle the town on its present site, Mr. Bruning Rnve a certain amount of land to the first sclllere, and they gave, in return, bonds that they would settle, and do )iij>tine)S at that point. TIjc first store was erected by 8. K. Perry. This was followed by a hotiJ by John Sidwell, a IioUjI by W. K. Squires, and many other business and private buildings. Many of the.pDOple who were former residcnls of the old town came down and went on with their fonner occupaliopiB as though no flood bad ever occurred. The new town grew Ripidly, and in a short time far cjrcellcd the old. The post-office ffa.* eslablrshcd at the Store of S. K. Perry,—Mr. Perry beiu" post- iDBBtcr at the old town when it was deatroycd. The wharf was built, by Mr. Joseph Bruning in the spring of 1862. It was afterward.s purchased by the Steam Navigation Co.rand ie at present owned by the California Paoific R. R. Co. In' 18G6 the steamer Yoacmile blew up at this wharf, killing about eighty people. Of this number, thirty-five were Cbinamon. The Catholic church was the first church edifice built in town, and wuH erected in 18(18. The only other church hero at present L the Congregational ; this was creeled in August, 1808. The first public whiiul in the new town was established in the fall of 1862; Janiea M. CInisc was the firet teacher. Mr. Bruning gave the property on which the building was crceleiJ. The present edifice wag erected in 1875 at nn expcase of $6300. When the census for 1876 was taken, there were 270 children in the district under seventeen yeara of age.' The present silo of Kio Vista is sixty-four miles from San Francisco, and fifty miles from Sacramento. It is twenty-two miles from Fairfield, the counly-aeat. It liea on tho western bank of the Sacramento river^ and in the aistern part of Solano County, Rio Vista is in the heart of one of tho most prosperous agricultural districts in the Slate of California. The famous graio-produeiog MoMlezuma hilts lie at its back, and they are unrivaled for grain. In front of it lies a vast body of reclaimed swamp and overflowed land, exicnding far away to Stockton. These lands are an incxhauBtibie source of fruit, vegetables, and grain. There arc two lines of steamers that land here daily,—one of each line going each way. The line owned by the California Pacific Rail- road Company plies between San Francisco and Sacramento. These Bleaniors carry tho United Stalesmail and Wells, Fargo & Co.'s express. A mail arrives and departs eaeh way daily. The other line runs in the river trade, carrying fruit, vegetables, and other products of the islands to market. These Bteamere belong to the California Traospor- tation Co. Kio Vista is the present terminus of the Montezuma Telegraph Company. Two-fifttis of the stock of this company is owned by citiEena of Bio Viata. At present the population ib about six hundred, and ia rapidly increasing, new buildings being in course of construction continually. Ihe town is supplied irith water from the Sacramento river. It is lifted by Bteam and forced into large tanks, situated on an emmonce near the centre of the town. From thence it is distributed throughout tho town by means of maina aud pipes, of which there are nearly eight miles. The manager of this enterprise b an old settler of the town,—K. C. Carter. An abundance of good water may also be had by boring. The great amount of grain and hay grown in the vicinity of llio Vista demand warehouses with lui-e storage capacity. In the town there are three warehouses, with room to store six thousand tons of grain and six thousand five hundred tons of hay. At New Town landing, about one mile above Kio Vista, Johnson & Emigh have two very liii;ge warehouses, with a storage capacity of four thousand tons "I gram and three thousand five hundred tons of hay, making in all 'I storage capacity of ten thousand tons of grain and tho same number " r^l^' ^'''*^'' '^ "'"'"'''e for the adjacent ranchers. There are here three hotels, one restaurant, seven general merchau- "Jisc stores, one news- and notion-store, two drug-stores, one fruit- and vegetable-store; one millinery-store, one furniture-Store, one tailoring eslabhahment, three Bhoemukcrs, two wagon- and blacksmith-shops, two barber-shops, one tinner, two saddlers, one livery-stable, one flour- """, one planing-mill, one undertaker, one public hall, two churches, one academy, and a graded public school, employing two tcachera. Ihe greater part of Kio Vista townahip is comprised in what is known as the Ulpinos or Bidwell grant. This grant begins at tho mouth of Cache slough, on the west bank of tho Sacramento river, and extends four leagues down the river and one league back, contain- ing seventeen thousand seven liuudred and twenty-six acres of as good pain-producing land as there is in the State. The grant was made ^'^'""<=" ' 'o the effect ha Genend M. Q Vallejo had, at one time, been able to sail in a ae^ rh^f'"'"" '^™°' ""^P"*"^"' ''"" "f Sacramento to Beniciaaci^ the high country where now are rich farms and thrifty settle-« Desiring to find the truth of the matter, the liberty was taken follots''^"'^ ^°""'' '" '"^"^ ^ '^^ "'"'^^- ^-^ "P"'''^ '^ "December 12, 1842, the whole country was overflowed, and all that level part of your country out to the hills at Vaeaville. On that day I sailed in a schooner of twenty tons from the present site of Sacramento in a southwesterly direction, passing over what is now elevated farming lands in that section. The Montezuma hills and Other highlanda were not submerged, but all the other country was I was able to, and did, sail over with case where are now fine farms. bevcrai hunters and their horses wore drowned, and afterwards found at Benicia when the waters subsided. The overflow Insted for several weeka. No crops were then raised, as there were no settlers in the whole region at that date, only a few cattle-hcrdera and liunterg." By the above it will be seen that the high water of 1862 was not the highest ever known, as is generally supposed by the old settlers here, especially those who experienced that flood. ST. GERTRUDE'S ACADEMY, llIO VISTA. This estabiiabniont is under the direction of the Sisteta of Mercy, and was founded aud erected by Joseph Bruning, EBq.,_the founder of New Kio Vista,—in 1876. The academy is most pleasantly located for a boarding school, occupying, as it does, one of the handsomest sites to be found. From the academy there ia a fine view of the town and surrounding country, also of the Sacramento river for miles above and below the town. The climate in this part of the country is remarkably healthy, the air being pure and entirely free from the malaria common to other districts along the river. The academy is an entirely new building, finely finished and furnished throughout, the musical instruments, ete., being of the best make, Tho school-rooms arc fiirnished in the latest and best style. The grounds are handsomely laid out, and ornamented with flowera, abruba, and trees. This institution embraces a hoarding school for young ladies and day academy for girls and small boys. In these schools are taught all the branches of a solid education, and any extras that may be required. These schools have been but a short time in operation, but are already in a fiourisbing condition, with eveij prospect of a continuance of the same. The scholastic year is divided info two sessions of five months each. M. M. Camillus, Lady Superior. COLLINSVILLE. In the year 1846, a man by the name of L. W. Hastings—a Mormon —built the first house, an adobe, in Collinsville township. It is not known what intentions the builder of this house had, whether simply to build a dwelling and take possession of the rich tract of land adjacent, or to found a town. Bayard Taylor mentions the house in his California travels, and says that it was the intention' of Hastings to build a town at this point, and call it Montezuma City. Whatever may have been his intentions, it is certain that the enterprise never progressed further tlmn the building of the adobe. The first permanent settler in Montezuma township—as it was then called—was L. P. Marehall. In 1852 he moved into the adobe built by Hastings, and called the Montezuma House, and lived there con- tinuously for a quarter of a century. In 1859, Mr, C. J. Collins entered the land where Collinaville now stands. It was government land, as was the whole of the township. In 1861 ho surveyed tho tewn piat and built a wharf and store. lu 1861, George W. Miller was appointed the first postmaster of the tewn. In 1867, Mr. Collins sold the property to S. C. Bradahaw, and Mr. Bradshaw changed the name to New Port. Many of the older settlors remember New Port and the enterprise of its proprietor, in the disposition of tewn lots, and perhaps some of the people of the east have occasion to rcmomber it also. Town lots were sold by agents in the east covering all the tide land in that vicinity. At the end of about five years the property again changed hands, }i1t. E. I. Uphnm becoming purchaser. Mr. Upham 'changed the name to the original. There are hero two stores, one hotel, and two wharves. The prin- cipal industry of the place at present is salmon canning. This enterprise was entered upon some years ago by Booth, of oyster notoriety, but for some reason did not prove a success, and was finally abandoned. It has lately been revived by Corvillo & Co., of San Francisco. During tho height of the season they mo the cannery day and night, Sundays included, turning out daily about 20,000 cans. One hundred 13 and eighty men arc employed at the eslahlishment,—one hundred of which am Chinamen,-and employment is afforded one hundred more m catching fish. Two steamers land daily, going each way. MAINE PRAIRIE. Maine Prairie is a shipping and trading point, situated at the he.id of navigation on Cache slough,—one of the many sloughs which put out from the Sacramento river. It Hcs eighteen miles northeast of iho county-seat. In early days it was simply an cmbarcadero. In 1859, Captain Mcrrithcw, in company with J. N. Utter, settled on tho south bank of the slough and opened a general merchandise, grain, and lumber business. The following year, H. G. Deck, H. Wilcox, and W. D. Vail formed a copiirtncraliip known as Deck &. Co., and began a general merchandising business on the north side of tho. fllough, opposite Mcrrithcw Sc Co. In 1860 a hotel was built by George King, and ottior bousea rapidly followed, until quite a little village was built up. But tho flood of 1862 swept things hero a« at Kio Vista and other river towns. Not a vestige was left where once stood the town. The water stood about twclce feet deep in the streets, and fully that deep for milra in every direction. As soon as the water had subsided, most of the inhabitants came b.ick again, but while some rebuilt at the old site, others preferred to go further up the slough, where the land was more elevated. Ac- cordingly, Mrs. Kcbecca Lcms laid out a town plat on her land, about one-fourth of a mile above the site of Maine Prairie. This embryotic town received the name Alton, being named by S. R. Perry, an old resident of Alton, Illinois. The firat business in this tewn was conducted by (Pushing Bros. (C. S. and J. H.). They carried on a general merchandise busincBs. Perry & Co. came nest. This firm consisted of S. R. Perry and William C. Palmer. They opened a general line of goods and also dealt in grain. Mrs. Lewis opened a hotel about that time, and con- tinues to conduct the same to this day. The post-office was established in 1862, Captain J. C. Mcrrithcw being appointed postmaster. A branch office of the Western Union Telegraph Co. was esteblished there in 1870, but has since been dis- continued. Before tho days of railroads, Maine Prairie w.is ouo of the most important grain-shipping points in the State of California. It was second to none except Steckton. Grain was drawn in there for abipment with great teams and enormous wagona. One day in the year 1863 there were 36,800 pounds of wheat brought to the landing with one team. Three wagons were used to carry it. The grain was draivn a distance of twenty-flvc miles, from the ranch of J. C. Carey, on Putah creek. In 1863 there were 50,000 tons of grain shipped from this point. It was no uncommon occurrence for one hundred and eighty wagons to be seen in town in a single day, all loaded with grain, and each drawn by an eight or ten mule team. But te offset this, it may be mentioned that during the following year only one load of grain was brought into the town. There are at present in the towns of Maine Prairie and Alton one hotel, one store, one blacksmith-shop, and three warehouses. DENVERTON. This place was so called in honor of J. W. Denver-then member of Congress from this district—for the part he took in opposing the proposition for a wholesale bill of Congress to confirm all existing grants under ten leagues. The place was previotisly known as Nurse's Landing. Denverton liea nine miles east of Fairfield, and at the head of naWgation of Nurse's slough. In 1853, Dr. S. K. Nurse came to the place and built his residence, which was the first house in that vicinity. The country was then one vast field of wild oats, through which large herds of elk and antelope roamed at pleasure. About the same time that Dr. Nurse built his house, D. K. Barry located to the eastward of Nurse about one-half mile. The old house still stands on iis original site. In 1854, Dr. Nurse erected a store building; he also built a wharf with 100 feet frontage; this wharf has since been increased to 300 feet frontage. In 1866 the doctor erected a brick store building that would do credit w any country town. In 1867 he erected a large brick warehouse near the wharf. It is 60 by 160feet,and has a storage capacity of 2500 tonaof grain. He has also a large hay-warehouse. A post-office was established at Denverton in 1858. Dr. Nurse was appointed pMtmaster, and has held the office continuously ever since, making him nn incumbent of the office for 19 yeara. He has probably held the office of postmaster longer at one place than aq|( man in the county or even the State. In 1875, Dr. Nuise constructed a telegraph line from Denverton to Suisun for his own convenience. In the spring of 1876 this line was merged into the Montezuma Telegraph Co., whose line now extends from Rio Vista to Suisun via Collinaville, Bird's Landing, and Dcnverten. It is 35 miles in length, and has six offices. Dr. Nurse is prcaident, and Dr. M. Ptetrzycki, of Bio Vista, vice-president. The township of Dcnverten is seven miles wide and nine long, and contains some of the best farming lands in Solano County. Among the early seltlore and principal land-ownere of the township may be mentioned Samael Stewart, who owns 3000 acrea, Dr. S- K. Nurse, who owns 1200 acres; idso the Daniels, Stewarts, and other*. There are at present in the lown one store and one blncksmith-sliop, oue wheelwright, one meat market, one bote], one Eehool-house, and a building erected by the Good Templare in 1S70. This building is used for lodge and ehurcli pnrposcs. A ohureh building is lowited near the town, and is under the auspices of the Methodiste. SUISUN. The name is of Indian origin, and is said to signify west wind. The city hearing the above name is siliiuted upon a navigable slough of Suisuii bay, and distant by water fiay miles from San Franciaco. At a very early day in the histoiy of the county the commernal importance of this point was noted, and it became the shipping port for the products of the Suisun valley and a largo portion of the county. In its most prosperous days, it is estimated that 25,000 tons of giain have been shipped from thb port in a single year. In the mouth of October, 1S50, Curtis Wilson and Dr. John Baker sailed up the slougli in an open boat, and landed at the present site of the city. It was covered with a dense growth of tules, among which Wilson and Baker discovered a herd of elk, and succeeded in killing one. To Captain Josruh "Wing belongs the honor of developing the commercial importance of the place. In 1S62 he erected a ware- house, and thenceforward the town was known as the emharcailero. The Ann Sophia, commanded by Captain Wing, was the firet schooner to transport the products of the valley. Immediately follow- ing the confitruction of the above-mentioned warehouse, trade began to spring up, and several settlers camo at about the same time upon the island. John Owen and A. W. Hall arc believed to have been the first merchanta to offer goods for sale. The growth and prosperity of the place steadily iucrcascd, and in 1854 the present town was laid out by Josiah Wing and John Owen. During the year 18G8 the inhabitants petitioned for the incorpora- tion of the town, and on the 0th day of October, 1868, the board of Bupervisora granted the prayer of the petitioners, and Suisun became an incorporated city, under the name and style of the " Inhabitants of the town of Suisun City." The present population numbers about 600. There are resident hero three lawyers, five physicians, and three dentists. The business of the place is represented by a postroffice, bank, railroad depot, telegraph- and express-offices, two hotels, a steam flouring-mill, three warehouses, two wagon-factories, seven dry-goods and grocery-stores, two hardware-stoi-es, two harness-shops, two boot- and shoe-shops, three drug-stores, a newspaper- and printing-office, a livery-stable, three blacksmith-shops, two tailor-shops, barber- and butcher-shops, together with a sufficient number of saloons to supply the necessities of a California town, An excellent graded school, employing three teachers, supplies the educational wants of the city. The history of churches in Suisun is briefly this ; St. Alphonsis, Catholic, was established about the year 18G0, Father Dyeart, of Nnpa, officiating. He was followed by Fathers Ougar and McNaboe, the latter still remaining in charge. The construction of the present church edifice was begun in 1868, and a debt of S6000 thereby incurred, which has been entirely liquidated under the able management of Father McNaboe. The membership of this church is about three hundred. Grace Clmrch—Episcopal—was organized April 28, 1S67, as a mission cliurch, with Rev. Henry G. Perry, missionary. In 1872, Rev. Geo. H. Davis was settled as rector. At present it is under the missionary charge of the Rev. Giles A. Eaaton. Number of com- luunicante, twenty-four. In May, 1863, Mre. C. P. Reeves, assisted by Blrs. Hooke, organized a Sunday-school. I'liey were succeeded in charge by Mr. E. F. Gillespie, a worthy and highly-esteemed man, since deceased. The present number of pupils is si-tty-five, and the school is under the suporintendency of Mrs. Reeves. Congregational Church was organized Dccenihor 15, 1876, Rev. J. W. Brier first and present pastor. The society numbers about one hundred. VALLEJO. Vallejo is the southern terminus of the California Pacific R. R,, and is the most populous city of Solano County, containing about eight thousand inhabitants. It may truthfully be said of Vallejo that it was a city of great possibilities. It is probably speaking within bnunda to say that the natural commereial advantages attaching lo the site of this city are unexcelled by those of any city upon the Pacific coast. For a lime it appeared probable that iheso advantages would be availed of, and the city realize the growth and prosperity that her geographical position bespoke for her. Forluno ruled otherwise, and Vallejo, after a brief period of prosperity, saw the currents of trade setting in opposite direction, and her golden prospects vanish. The sanguine expectations entertained for Vallejo were iiir from visionary. The site is an admirablo oue. The city lies upon Napa bay, ail arm of the San Pablo bay, and its harbor is at the head of navigation for ships of the lai-est tonnage. Unlimited commercial advantages are afforded. The harbor is five miles long, a quarter oi a mile wide, thirty feet deep at low tide, and admirably protected from wind-storms. \v,\ None of the requisites of a great seaport town are wanting. W itu such natural advantages, the city for a time grew rapidly. Improve- ments were made and projects entertained, having in view its perma- nent prosperity and continuing growth. Schools and churches were established upon the basis of a large population in the future. Com- mercial and manufacturing industries were projected upon the most comprehensive scale. Here was made the firet experiment upon the Pacific coast of a grain-elevator, modeled after those in use in the grain handling cities of the eastern States. On the 4th day of Janu- ary 1869, the Vallejo Elevator Company, composed of I. Friedlandcr, president, Dr. Spencer, secretary, D. W. C. Rico, D. C. H=,skin, Charics Wheeler, I. Friedlandcr, and J. B. Trisbic, directors, commenced the consti-uction of a mammoth elevator on Vallejo bay. The enterprise did not prove a success. The grain merchants of the Pacific coast had become wedded to the idea of handling grain in Siieks; the insurance agencies discriminated against grain in bulk, and, to consummate the fatalities of the Vallejo elevator, a few years after its construction it fell, a total wreck, and was never reconstructed. ^ Among the enterprises projected on a large scale that met with complete success may be mentioned the Starr mills, one of the lai^cst and most complete flouring-mills on the coast, The first and second sessions of the State legislature were held at San Jose. The third and fourth sessions were organized at Vallejo, — the third meeting in the month of January, 1852, and the fourth in the year following. The sessions of the third were removed to Sacra- mento, and the fourth to Benicia. For the history of the endeavor to make this city the permanent capital of the State, and for other facts connected with its early settlement, we quote from Dr. Vallejo. " The country round about what Ls now Vallejo, was once in the absolute possession of numerous tribes of fierce and wariike Indiana, who looked with no favor on tho few whites who from time to time appeared among ihcm ; and they paid no heed to the mandates of the Slexican authorities, whose haidquartera were at Monterey. In 1835 an expedition of 000 men was fitted out at Monterey by General Figueroa, military commandant and governor of the department of California. This expedition was placed in command of General M. 6. Vallejo, then an officer in the Mexican service, and who had been for three years previously stationed in the lower country, with instruc- tions to proceed with it to this region, and to endeavor to make treaties with the various Indian tribes, if possible ; and if unable to do so, then he was to attempt their subjugation by force. The Indiana showed no disposition to negotiate, and so General Vallejo determined lo use the logic of force. His first battle with them occurred in Russian River valley, and the second and largest one was fought at what is now known as ' Thompson's Gardens,' a few miles north of Vallejo. The place was then called 'Soscol' (which means 'Artichoke' in EnHish), and subsequently corrupted to 'Soseol.' In this second battle General Vallejo lost two men killed, and several were wounded. Of the seven hundred Indiana engaged, two hundred were killed and a larfe number wounded. But this clioatiaement seemed only to ex- asperate them, for immediately thereafter they congregated in immense numbers from all the valleys round about, completely hemming in General Vallejo and his little band of soldie're. He notified General Fi"Tieroa of the state of affairs, and aaked to be immediately reinforced, adding, like a true soldier, that, if necessary, he would fight with what force ho had as host he could. General Figueroa promptly replied that he would himself come to his assistance with six hundred men, and designated Pctaluma creek (now Lakeville) as a place of rendca- vous for the two forces. After the arrival of this large force the Indians concluded that it would be wiser to make treaties than to fight, and so a grand council or ' pow-wow' was had ; treaties were made, the pipe of peace smoked, and peace once more reigned. This efTectcd, General Figueroa returned to tho capital (Monterey) with all his forces, leaving General Vallejo behind with a small force. " At this time the commander-in-chief directed General Vallejo to lay out a town where Sonoma is now standing. He did so, and a colony of four hundred and fifty Mexican families was sent to occupy it. But this colony was not successful. The people became discon- tented and mutinous, and General* Vallejo placed them all under arrest and sent them hack whence they came. The general had, by this time, become enamored of the country, and determined to make it his per- manent abiding place. To this end he applied to the supremo govern- ment for a tract of loud, and was invested with the ownership of what is now known as tho PoUiluma grant. At various limes during the troubles of Mexico, and her conscciuent pecuniary straits. General Vallejo furnished the government large sums of money and other sup- plies. In eonsidcnition of these favora, and in part payment liir his services as an officer in the government employ, the Soseol Ranoho wiis deeded to him. It was then known as the National Rancho. From tbli springs the title to land in ihis vicinity. When California was ceded to the Americans, General Vallejo accepted the new order of tbiiiga, and was olcetcd to tho convontion called to framo a State constitution. Subsequently, when in the State senate, the name of Solano was, at his suggestion, given to this county, being the nameof an Indian chief who had aided the general in the war against ihg Indians. He proposed the name of ' Eureka' for what is now tW city of Vallejo, hut his legislative colleagues, appreciating his efTorts for the settlement of the place, determined to honor hiin by giving lo it his own name," In 1850, General Vallejo determined to have the Stale capital per- manently located at this place, and to this end ho presented a mcuiorial to the logialalure. He proposed to grant to the State, free of coat, twenty acres for a State capitol and grounds, and for other Slale buUdings 136 acres, making in all 156 acres in the most desirable paita of Vallejo, But more than this, he likewise agreed to give $370,000 in gold ! In his memorial (a remarkable document, now, as showing the general's prescience) he expressed the belief that this was tbe proper location for the permanent seat of government, for the reaam that it was the true centre of the State, the true centre of commerce, the true centre of population, and tho true centre of travel. He further stated that, " While the hay of San Francisco is acknowledged to be the first on earth, in point of extent and navigable capacitia, already, throughout the length and breadth of the wide world, itia acknowledged to be the very centre between Asiatic and European commerce. The largest ship that sails upon the broad sea can, witbin three hours, anchor at the wharves of tho place which your memorialist proposes aa your permanent seat of government. From this point, bj Btcam navigation, there is a greater aggregate of mineral wealth within eight hours' eteaming than exists in the Union besides ; from this point the great north and south rivers—the San Joaquin and Sacra- mento—cut the State longitudinally through the centre, fringing the immense gold deposits on the one hand, and untold mercury and other mineral resources on the other; from this point steam navigation extends along the Pacific coast south to San Diego, and north to the Oregon line, nflbrding the quickest possible facilities for our sea aasl population to reach the State capital in the feweat number of horns. This age, as it has been truly remarked, has merged distance into time. In the operations of commerce and the intercourse of mankind, to measure miles by the rod is a piece of vandalism of a by-gone age, and that point which can be approached from all parts of the State in the fewest number of houre, and at the cheapest cost, is the truest centre. . . . Tour memorialist most respectfully submits to your honorable body whether there is not ground of even still higher nation- ality; it is this: that at present, throughout the wide extent of oar sister Atlantic States, hut one sentiment seems to possess the entire people, and that is, to build, in the shortest po.=sible time, a railroad from tho Mississippi to the bay of San Francisco, whore its western terminus may meet a three weeks' steamer from China. Indeed, such is the overwhelming public sentiment of the American people upon this subject, there is hut little doubt to apprehend of its early complex tion. Shall it be said, then, while the whole worid is coveting onr possession of what all acknowledge to be the half-way house of the earth's commerce—the great bay of San Francisco—that the people of the rich possession are so unmindful of its value aa not to oniament her magnificent shores with a capitol worthy of a great State? " To enumerate more especially the local ndvantiges of this position, your memorialist will further add, that it is within two hours' steaming from San Francisco and six hours from Sacramento and Stockton cities, and between these points much the largest travel in the State duly occurs. " From this point three days' steaming will reach either Or^a on the north or San Diego on the south ; besides, the above-named location is unsurpassed lor abundance of lime and other building materials, with large agricultural advantages in the immediate neighbor- hood," The unanswerable aipiments of the memorialist convinced the leg- islature, and David C. Broderick submitted a report in its favor, in which occur those words : " Tour committee cannot dwell with too much warmth upon the magnificent propositions contained in the memorial of General Vallejo. They breathe throughout tho spirit of an enlarged mind and a sincere public benefactor, for which be deserves the thanks of his couotryinen and tho admiration of the worid. Such a proposition looks more like the legacy of a mighty emperor to his people than the free donation of a private planter to a great State, yet poor in public finance, but soon to bo among the first of tho earth." So, after a struggtc, Vallejo was made tho capital of the State. But it was not pennitted to long bo such. It did not subserve the interest of politicians that it should. Why, would be a long story, which has lost its interest by the lapse of lime. But the great foresight dis- played by General Vallejo, and the almost prophetic knowledge shown by him in the future growth of the State in commerce and populntiou —even to the foreshadowing of tlio great continental railway, and tho establishment of a lino of steamships lo tho Orient—is something remarkable. His name is inseparably connected with the history and growth of the young city which so proudly bears it; and tlio present generation will hand it down to posterity and deaervod immor- tality. 15 ORPHANS' HOME. Among the oliarilablo institutiona that do honor to the citizeoB of Volleio ifl the Home for Orphans. The institution belonga to the CiooJ Templar of California and Nevada, although the advantages of the home aro not restricted to the unfortunate children of the order, and ils charities are extended lo nil orphans. Mrs. Elvira Baldwin ia accredited with the honor of originating the idea of establishing this orphanage, but the meana employed to vitalize the idea are due to William H. Milla and G. W. Simonton. The mention of the above names, however, is not in diaparagement of the scores of noble men and women who labored in behalf of thia worthy cntorpriae. In the latter part of 1867 the Orpbana' Homcatead Association was formed and a large tract of land purchased in what is known aa the Ilannibal ranch. Twenty acres were reserved for the site and the gronnds of the home, and (he remainder divided into 334 lots, 50 x 130 feet which were sold out at auch a rate as to enable the asaociation to realize on the enterprise a profit of nearly $20,000. On tlio Uth day of May, 1869, the eorncr-stone of the Btruotnre was laid, and the liome, thongh unfinished, dedicated on the first day of October 1869. It ia located abont one mile northeast from the centre of the city, and commands a magnificent view of the bay, the city, and the surrounding country. It is capable of accommodating a large number of inmates, and is designed to afford ample educational advantages. The city in addition to the most adequate ehuccb and school advan- tages, exoela any town of like population on the Pacific coast in the number of its charitable, literary, musical, tcmpemnoe, and social ao- "'"^"^' WHITK SULrHUR SFHINGS. Owing to the proximity of these justly celebrated springs, the city claims them as one of its numerous advant^es. They are situated about three miles in a northeasteriy direction from the city, and for a long time have been resorted to by large numbers in pursuit of health and pleasure. The waters are pronounced bene- fioiul in relieving the human system of the " ills that fleah is heir to," while the delightful natural scenery renders it a desirable place for recreation. MARE ISLAND. A sketch of the city of Vallejo necessitates some account of Mare island, the location of the only United States navy yard on the Pacific coi\fit. To those who have wondered that auch a pretty spot should he christened with such an unpoetic name, the reason therefor will ap- pear from the brief histoiy of its origin, as given by Dr. Vallejo. " In early days the only ferry-boat on the waters near Vallejo and Benioia was a rude one made chiefly of oil barrels obtained from wlmling shipa, and propelled by sails. These barrels were secured to- gether by beams and planking, and it was divided into compartments for the accommodation of cattle, to the transportation of which it was chiefly devoted. One day, while this boat was coming frum Slariinez to Bcnicia, a snddcu ajunll overtimk it, and the craft pitched fearfully; the animals (chiefly hohais) became restive, and some of tbcm broke through it. The boat was npsct and the living cargo thrown into the hay. Some of the live-stock were drowned, and some managed to reach either shore by swimming. One of the horses (an old white mare owned and much prized by General Vallejo) succeeded in cflcct- ing a landing on the island, and was rescued there a few days after by the general, who thereupon called the place ' IbIb de la Tegua, or Marc Island.' " It lies in the San Pablo bay, at the mouth of the straits of Car- quincz, and comprises about 3000 acres. Some time between the years 1840 and 1S4C, it appears that one A^ictor Castro obtained pcrmisbiun from the Mexican government to herd his horses upon the island ) that in 1846 Castro received from Governor Alvurado a deed absolutely convoying to Castro the title to the island. The United States gov- ernment derives iu title through John B. Triable and Beezor Simmons, the grantees of Castro. The first American settlers on the island were William Bryant and Major Stephen Cooper, the latter of whom retained possession for some time ; that a claim of ownership, adverse to the government, has been asserted by parties claiming title from Victor Castro derived through Bryant and Cooper. In 1854 the United States government—through Admiral David Q. Farragut, then a commander in the navy—toot formal possession of the island for naval purposes. Admiral Farrogut remained in command for abont four years, and it was under his supervision that most of the buildings were projected. AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS. January 1, 1876, to January, 1877, as appear by county asscssor'a report. Land inclosed in 1876 .... 9,652 acres. Land cultivated in 18 Acres of wheat . Bushels of wheat Acres of barley Bushels of barley Acres of oats Bushels of oats . Acres of com . Bushds of corn 109,394 " 93,575 1,965,175 15,819 553,665 145 . 4,700 . 237 . 5,980 Acres of beans . Bushels of beans Acres of potatoes Tons of potatoes Acres of sweet potatoes Tons of sweet potatoes Acres of hay Tons of hay Pounds of butter Founds of wool Value of fruit crop Bearing orange-trees Total fruit-trees of all kinds Acres of grape-vines Gallons of wine Gallons of brandy Breweries Horses .... Mules .... Total number of horned cattle Sheep .... Cashmere and Angora goats city Number of acres (other than city town lota) Value of real estate (other than and town lots) Value of improvements thereon Value of city and town lota Value of improvements thereon Value of personal properly Total value of all property in county and 25 400 20 60 U 23 13,502 19,515 118,800 427,240 £112,000 . 264 302,917 1,387 149,710 2,200 . 3 5,476 622 12,790 71,146 35 8,332 499,036 85,450,028 536,776 850,559 1,014,099 1,419,084 9,494,804 By the county treosurer'e statement of May 1, 1877, the outatand- ing indebtedness of Solano County appears as follows : Koad fund .... $49,000.00 General fund .... 63,800,00 Funded bonds of 1854 . . 700.00 Railroad bonds and iotereat 141,220.00 Balances on hand applicable to payment of same 8254,720.00 . 14,900.00 $239,820.00 16 OOV^OBS O. TH. .O..KT. T.KB.TOK.. «!, S..^ O^J^^^^^^^^^^^J-^^J^^IJI^ SPANISH GOVERNOnS Gnspitr de Portala- Fulipo Barri Felipuda Neve .- Pedro Fagc! Jopfi Antonio Ronien J036 Joaquin tie Arrillaga.. Die^ttdo Boricn Joay- Joaquin do Arrillaga,, Josu Argucllo Poblo Vincents de Holo MEXICAN GOVERHOBS. PnLIo Vincenle ile Sola. Luis ATguello 3{,s6 Maria Eclieandin... Manuel Victoria Pio Pico. Jose Figueroii Joifi Castro Nicholas GuiaTro/. Mariano Chico NiclioluB Ouilcrrez Juan B. Alvarndo Munucl Slicholtorenft.,.. Pio Pico From To 1822 1823 1823 1825 1825 1831 1831 1832 1882 1833 1833 ]83f> 1836 1838 1830 1830 1830 1B3G 1842 1842 1846 1845 1846 AHERICftH HltmRY GOVERNORS, Commodore John D. Slint Commodore Robert F. Stockton. Colonel John G. X^'romont... General Steplien W. Kcnrney.... Colonel Kiellard It. Mason General Bennett Kiloy Ywr. 1646 181fi 1847 1847 1847 1849 STATE GOVERNORS. Veir, Peter H. Burnett 1840 John MeDougall 1851 John Biglcr J. Ncelcy Johnson John B. WoUcr Milton S. Latham John G. Downey Leiand Stanford ,*. -f-Frederick F. Low Henry H. Haight Newton Booth Eomauldo rnclicco "William Irwin 1852 1850 18JS 18U0 18fiO 18G2 1SG3 1867 i8;i 18T6 1876 1 Term of omeo Incronsoil from two tu four jcan. ' ncilgnxl' OFFICERS OF SOLANO COUNTY FKOM THE YEAR 1850 UNTIL 1878^ YEAR, 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 18G3 18G4 1865 1866 1867 18fi8 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1876 1875 1877 1878 COUNTY JUDGE. Joscpli 'Winston. TboB M. Swnn. Geo. LcvisLon. Wm. X, "WcatoD. "Win. S- Wella. Tho3. M. Bwun. 0. B, Powers. John M, Gregory. • „„„.,.„ SUPERINTENDENT OF ~^,~^K. COUNTY TREASURER. COUNTY SURVEYOR. COUNTY ASSESSOR. CO"'^TV RECORDER. BOUNTY ATTORNEY, SCHOOLS. Sarehall Bynum. Jo3. P. Vaughn. W. J'. Hoolon. 11 II II II II 11 Perry Williams. II II H. B. Sheldon. 11 II II II "Wm. J. Costigan, 0. A. Kidder. "Wm, J- Ooatignn, Joel A. Harvey, 11 II 11 II Alex. Dunn. David F. Bevoridge. >i II Samuel 0. Gray. John C. Gulick. II 11 Jabez Hatch. R. M. Holladay. R. P. BIflin. Anthony Hubbs. Samuel 0. Gray. II II John Ferroll. John B. Lemon. John "Wentworth. II 11 John B. Lemon. II 11 E. D. Porkine. II II W- Or. "Wyman. John B. Lemon. Bonj. "W. Barlow. James I. Stratton. Hans Patton. II II David "Wade. E. A. DoHemecourt. John T. Ponhody. II II II 11 II II John Woolnvor. "Wm. "W. Pitch, A. H. Gunning. Alexander Dunn, 11 •' "Wm. "W. Filch. Stephen Cooper, II II Singleton Vaughn. Henry B. Amnions. J; S. Jamison. Bcnj. H. Brown. 11 II E. H. Von Pflster. Cyrus Ager. B. W. Parker. C. A. Pine. II 11 J.W. Batchelor.liitD. "W. A.Duflhiel,2dDia. jr. A. Long, 3d Dis. N. B. S. Coleman. II II Joseph Hoyt. II II II II II II John "Woods. County Clerk noted naBecordor until 1862. 'W. It. Solts. Geo. H. Eidell. II II H. G. "ft'ctmore. II II (1 II Hiram K. Snow. II II Geo. C. McKinloy. II II B. F. Gillespie. Wm. "Wolf. T. H. Chandler. II It 0, Knoi Marshall, Thos, M. Swan. 11 11 Lyman Leslie. II II P. Cohton. Jnmus H. Thompson. II II "Wm. Ewing. II II J. C. Hinckley. John Doughty. 11 II Jos. McKcnna. II II II II II II Geo. A, Lament, Jos. F. "Wendell. 0. B. Coghlnn. Jamea "W. Anderson. 11 II Horace N, Lillie. Sylvester "Woodbridge. Jos. "W. Hine. II II G. W. Sinionton. "Wm. H. Fry. II II II II C. "W. Cbilds. II II II 11 II II J.£. Bateman. CORONER. "W. T. Peabody. II II Larkin Bichardson. John "W- Jonea. II n ~W. "W. Chapman. II 11 T. A. "Wood. D. F- Beveridge. T. C. Everts. M. W. Pratt. A. F. Knorp. N. B. Bice. B. M. Apg.ir, L. D. Sanborn. II II E. C, Holbrook, James Toplay, A, L, "White. YEAR. 1R50 1861 1852 1863 1864 1855 1850 1857 1858 1859 I8C0 1881 1802 1863 1864 1865 1865 1807 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1878 1674 1875 1870 1877 1678 OFFICERS OF SOLANO COUNTY FROM THE YEAR 1850 UNTIL l8'7S.-antinued. COUNTY SHERIFF. Francis Brown. II 11 Paul Shirley. B. T. Oaborn. J. M. Wovillo. i( II II . II II u B. F. GiUofipie. II II John S. "Wood. II II Amos Bohcrts. Isaac Hohbs. Joseph Jacobs. E, D. PorkinB. II II John E. Williston. ASSEMBLYMEN, PUBLIC ADMINISTRATORS. Thos. H. Owen. A. M. Stevenson. II II N. H. Davis. Nathan Cutler. J. M. Swan. II II J. M. Dudley. II It M. "WoHson. J. M. Lemon. II (I John B. Fri3l)ie. II II B, C. Haile. II II M. J. "Wright. II II John L. Hcald. II II T. M. Swan. Jos, McKonna. II II J. T. Dare ond E, 0. Haile, "Wm, Bobinson, Harvey Lee. John Curry, Alex. Ridell. "W. S. "Wells, J. W. Sanborn. John S. Miller. J. Gardner. 0. A. Cellars. F. J, Bartlott. II II Joseph Hcwett. John E. Low. II II Hazen Hoyt, II II Solomon Decker, II i< Haacn Hoyt. AUDITOR. Prior to 1875, the duties of Auditor wore discharged by the County Recorder, Thos. P. Hooper, BOARD OF SUPERVISORS. Prior to 1856, the duties of tho Board of Supervisors were disebDrged by the Court of Sessions. Floyd A, Eider, Floyd A. Rider, Ei ellaidson Long, Sampson Smith, J. G, Gardner, D. B. Holman, E, F. Gillespie, J. J. Barry, "W. B. Davis, "W. B. Davis, Ehen Hilton, 0. S. Gushing, 0. S. Cushing, Samuel flreck, J. M. Howard, J. M. Howard, J. F. Cloutman, J. F, Cloutman, J. P. Cloutman, J. F, Cloutman, J, H. Hillhorn, John Callonder, John Cullender, J. B. Hoyt, A, "W. Bodgors, A. "W, Eodgers, Geo, Loviston, Joseph L. Likins, D, B, Holman, E. F. Gillespie, J. J. Barry, Sampson Smith, Sampson Smith, Sampson Smith, Sampson Smith, Sampson Smith, Sampson Smith, J. JI. Howard, Samuel Breok, Samuel Breck, A. D. Stnrr, A. D. Starr, A. D. Slarr, Goo. "W. McDorraott, J. F. Brown, J. B. Hoyt, - J, B. Hoyt, James McOrory, John C. Fislt. John C. Fisk. Sidney Clark. Jodediah "Williams. E. F. Gillespie. J, J. Barry. Sampson Smith. "W. B. Davis. Bben Hilton. Ebon Hilton, C. S. Gushing. D. N. Hastings. John Brownlee. John Brownlee, John Callendor. John Cullender. Somuel Breck, Samuel Breok. Geo. W. McDormoll. - „ Pn„.oll S k' Baker D. W. Harrier, Jnmos MeCrory, D. W- Harrier, 3- n^- Uakur, NorK._pon,«rgi„aI column n,«rl«to™hips or .unarvisor'sdiatri.,, • ^^^' MINOR CIVIL DIVISIONS, EtC, 1870 17 itualed ALAMEDA. (ll) Alameda Brooklyn llrouklyn Eden Hiiyu-iird Suiijx'nndrn.^... Murniy O'lklund Oiiklnnd ^'usliinglon Alvarado ALPINE, (fi) AMADOU, (c) 1. Jilckwn 2. luno 3. V"leuno 4. Sillier 0. Drydiwii II, FiJdIctown nUTTK. (rfj Dldwoll Concow Chico nnniil 1(111 Kimslipw MoiiDiiiinSprine Ojiliir Oroville Orpgon Oro 'Wyamiotio 1,557 2,8IC ],G03 3,841 420 2.400 11,104 10,500 3,010 915 44 202 114 201 IGO 34 2,408 1,770 1,357 853 1,219 869 1,G38 1,002 1,773 305 254 1,407 6,940 4. Q. 0. 7. 8. 0. 10. CAL.lVJiBAS. (tfj COLUSA. (/) Biitio :..:. Colusa Colusn , Ornnd Itlund ifonroo Princulon Sloiicy Creek Spring Vpillcy. COKTRA COSTA. {} 12 885 87 530 821 225 777 401 112 104 601 1,064 248 1,997 8,724 1,274 382 1,020 680 118 58 242 79 04 105 211 117 01 271 127 162 59 23 106 190 72 779 2,004 270 104 420 201 41 12 226 110 197 120 111 40 99 355 163 1,131 104 682 874 246 820 ATAKi^r. Bolinna Nnvato [["[ Nicuisio Point Heycs San Eafael..*. .". Son Jiafoc] ......... San Antonio Santclilo "' Tomnlcs StARirOSA, (i) 440 132 112 626 1,246 317 2,045 6,349 1,535 42Q 1,427 MENDOCISO, (t) Andoraon Anderson Big Itivor Albion BiglliverC) Casper Cuffy's Cove '.'. Little Eiver Noyo Novarro Ten-Mile Itiver... Calpolln Little Lake .„, Punta Arenas Bourn's Landing. Purgue's Cove GuaTnla Punta Arenas Bound Valley. Round V alley Re- servation Snnel Ukiab 474 44 265 942 160 625 417 092 271 2,095 841 451 731 1,121 1,420 585 1,732 835 MONO, [ll] Antelope Bcnfon Bridgeport Urictgeporl... aiONTEBET. (d) Alisa Salinas City.. San Antonio.. Cttstroville CaBtrovlllo..., Monterey Monterey Pajaro San Bonito San Juan NAPA, (in) Hot Springs Napn , Nnpa City..., Yount- 079 023 1,911 115 473 196 168 108 60 315 80 807 946 1,406 40 40 236 966 444 15 371 906 162 94 174 60 410 849 102 647 141 390 218 808 165 1,480 540 231 819 055 624 248 912 408 590 634 1,284 74 818 60 108 9G 50 179 63 780 886 977 IS 36 126 663 13 333 901 146 66 64 9G 103 2'J5 19 235 204 284 100 1,216 301 220 412 4C6 796 337 820 427 470 440 264 919 160 698 364 655 242 2,455 803 450 717 1,013 1,010 403 1,289 690 NEVADA, (x) Bloomflold Bridgeport Eureka 2,723 599 761 1,302 436 1,923 1,112 761 529 2,038 2,120 3,791 1,879 1,252 40 89 627 41 156 13G 00 02 30 136 17 27 CO 429 22 4 110 293 01 66 036 1,829 1,249 2,108 454 685 1,004 371 1,004 890 500 40G 2,058 1,686 2,657 1,368 1,051 384 1,034 63S' 016 145 170 298 65 410 217 171 123 580 434 1,134 611 201 617 617 1,546 111 450 19 158 158 76 311 80 807 939 1,178 32 40 190 905 488 NEVADA.—Continued. Lillle York MeadnuLako Nevada Bnuiihand Efafiy ' "Waabinglon 1. PLACEK. (y) licgovillc.... Auburn Hewcastlc Pino Rocklin 15 870 901 160 91 13 59 2,625 081 720 1,248 425 1,737 1,056 70O 610 2,543 PLDUAfl. (l) Goodwin Indian Slineral Plumas Quincy yuanz Iticb Bar Seneca "Waabinglon SACRAMENTO, (im) Alabama American Brighton Center Ooflumnes Dry Creek Franklin Qeorgiana Granite Lee Mifisisaippi Naloma Sacramento San Joaquin Sutler 868 1,055 3,986 1,210 638 063 115 098 1,439 800 2,660 1,122 923 764 330 1,284 651 101 042 1,030 209 089 880 400 040 208 810 200 400 620 BASBERNAKDIHO. (bb) Belleville Cbino San Bernardino.... San Salvador 253 790 711 Grass Valley ] 7,OG3l8,C90| 3,367 1,997 3,510 1,713 1,218 688 1,517 908 0,008. SAN DIEQO, (ce) Fort Tuma Colorado Julian LaPalu Milquaty Pnta Valley Res- ervation Powy SanDiogo San Jacinlo San Luis Bey San Pasqual , San Pasqual Val- ley Reservation Temacula Warner's Ranch.... 410 0O9 401 694 0031 1,272 I,06G 1,579 876 171 523 11},288 1,073 1,078 3,004 600 GUI 918 a,345 782 281 474 02 887 700 400 1,409 676 346 400 176 727 201 104 362 670 104 223 611 129 3G7 737, 1,0411 428| 367 189 28 866 679 400 1,361 446 6 854 160 557 290 87 180 330 155 416 269 271 257 609 69 262 108 27G 219 713 211 404 457 809 274 553 307 89 280 BAN FRANOIHCO, (ifrf) San Franciuco 331 229 531 120 324 40 91 2,300 92 330 275 117 140 240 10,081 823 672 19 264 2,675 470 120 77 424 85 302 29 75 1,748 85 306 207 66 111 193 241 lai 136 362 60 197 106 250 290 146 403 782 1,026 69 82 243 6,202 250 406 789 1,230 8,244 1,016 475 606 112 431 1,028 660 2,047 960 600 OGl 295 1,091 433 151 607 846 226 301 817 226 605 786 144 827 377 332 330 B77 301 474 659 1,132 460 659 369 184 391 14,485 1,014 1,000 418 10 149.473 75,754 87 44 489 90 211 162 110 85 22 17 16 662 7 29 68 60 29 53 60 308 3,040 660 229 629 120 324 46 89 2,284 92 309 276 117 180 2-13 73,719 13e.059'l330 C1.1I1-.*.: K]Srl'i,S'i^>" "H.'"='"^" 8' CI''"™ "''' * Iiidlnn.; Con (') l-Xori.?- .* ^i.J^'"'""''. '-1 Himi-o niMl 12 InJinns. ^;in,i.Ta^p"S,'5.^J^-,"'|''M^^^^ DrftoHD, -,235 Cbtooio: Chico.OOB OilnMo; Ilninlllon, 470 nrl IS Indbnii; Oi>lilr,34B Clilncta; OtcEan.43 ChEncsm Oro, 10 ; luwnalilp G, ^00 CUInt-ao; lovmliiv l>, i&C Cainiui!; tgvrnililp T, tU "' ~ . - - .. Xorriulifra J 02 I'fil^"" '^""''' '"'"""'' "'*' '""''"'" ' Cl'l"""! ^"S Vnliey, 2 Cblniao mid 1 Indlna; Mllfonl, 1 C!iln«e; SOBnYilFp. (•}) Loj AngolM Oonnlj-: El Mn»io nlso InduJa B Chlnac; Los AnKelcs, 10 ChlnrM bii^,7HCI,IoX '"""'"''"" ™°«';SIudBrriPB,301ClilnM(;Pla«rrlllo.iMCTilno«; Salmon FnlU. 117 Ch[nc«; WWlo ^BCliln"X^"s7ff,,^°,'™''''''"''" '"""''"^ ClilDMO aoJOIMInaiuiu; lowiishlp i, 3% Cbinoan nnd 828 Iiidbli»| lownaLlp aachlncwnndaiiidtniu; liudupaiUi Indbru: Eul RlTcr.alndlnm; Eureka, 3a ") Inyo roi,i,-,."m i' "r.VT' V .•"f"J' '^¥"','^. KliidlnnB; Konili Fork, 21 InrtJoni.; T.iMo Bluff, 11 Indliiu. Unjfan.: l,,,"i,|,,^iTy,V^'"'''°^'':'!!'^''''^!^OIr.dlnn^ Cltt''n^^)'/^"""^*™'» "I" ""^"'J'- (lil^fr. " '"'""'; Mallolo, 10 rndiau,; '«; k" i, /"" ""' * ^'•'"'•^ »"'> l^'' Ini "ndysi* ii^ Indbmr [ovraibip*. ID Clilr J^VX'I^,''tX!'.iwtl^^^^^^^^ "d7I,idi.n.; l...n.Lrp3,.15aia«,: .o«„.l,rp 3. 333 n,in«a (11 McndorJno Count) ; And.Tson nTJo Includpifi ChlnPioandBBIndtnin: Hit- IliTer,2t Clilnraonnilsan Indrnri.- tltllnr.nl.„ 7 lodl™.; runu Aronaj, DU Cb ,,,« a.d 13) ludJaaa; Itound Vnll.r. 4 Indl^u.r &m.l^ (b) MoiinCouiily; Antulupoalw [nclodiii IndJinj; Ilonlon.3Cliinc«p; UridKCportlia Oiln™ , n.uinao»oo j jnauia (c) jronl^i>.Y Counrj: AllB. nl» [ncludoi 32 <.lil„«o and O) ludlwi.r CojlmviUo, 43 Cliluwi nnd B Indian.- Knntorer IBCliinpdoandDilndlnni; Pnjum, I Cliiupio; San Bunlto.l!! Iiidliin<: San Jilon l>2 Clilnoio nnd US Indian* ' """"'"ri "• and"lU^'n^aS'""^' ""' ^'"'"^ "'" '"'"''" '" Cliln™ and 4 iDdliu; KajB, Itl Chlnao and 40 Indlani; Younl, 7 ChJnao d.l alM intliidM47 CTilnMo; Bridgfport, 300 CLInao Bnd2 Indiani; Eumk^lTO ClJnMo; Gnu. an. Llll I, \ork, 2S Clili,™ ; ifiaJow Lake,m Cl,Jn«o; NoiaJ.-;. 000 CWnao and 1 yndiin; ind 1 Indian; Hulilnt-lQn, lECblntw. . - , >.^,, dilp5,110ChrnPM; lu™hlptl..'inCblna«; lovrn-hlp 7,87 Chiui«;V.wnJl,lpB,a)i:i.1uc»; lom^nn; toinnjihip 111, tSI Cblncio; townjjilp 11 a4CbfnPM. -i, -' •^••m-=Ki , lunii jl, 174 ObLnMo; Piuninji, 13.-, nnd 13.'! Indian dciM Cbfn^ Clilne.idnnJ 2SS Indl and 100 Indiana; towniblp 2, 11 Clilniwiand 2fi lodlann; [atrnililp 3, 4 ~'" - loiiiiiblji B, &2 ClituFid nn',3gi ailnciti and 4 Indian. ItouEb and Ilouir, ISO Chincao and 1 - (») I'lawr Ciinnly^ Townjbip 1 aI»o inclurli> C!irnDB& and 1 Iniilaii; Towniiii hlpO, lH7Cb!nraoaod 1 Indian, ._ . , _, ,,,, „, (:) I'lunuu Oounljr; Goodwin nlso Incluilm 24S CJiinojo; Indian, i7 clifncuonndBIndlnnc Mint Cbinosn; Quotri, 23 Cbiniau; Jllch Bar, 60 Ciilm-so; aen«^^ 73 Ciilmao; Wagblntton 143 OilntM, (flo) Sacr,impnlo Couuly: Alr-Wa alto incluJ™ 3 Cbiufso nnd 1 lodirm; An.criQn,70 Cl.inao and 1 Tadian; nrigliran, !a Clilco.0 onrl I Inillai,; CeaM. lOU Cliin«o; Consuiuucn, 103 Chlnp.o ond 7 Ind(^».; Dry Crwk.Sl Chiai*, anJ 7 Indian,; Fmuli- iin, 137 CldnMo and 2 Indian.; Gootclann, M7 ULint*); OranUp, 007 Cliinco nnd 1 Indian; Iko, B Cliincio and 1 Indian ' JLin.ii nlpni.DI Chincoi Nalnma,l:12 Gbiniaio; Saciamcnlo, 1,370 Cbinwe.a IndiaM, and 1 Japoopw; San Jo.inaln,4a Cbtnaonnd'l louljin ; bulli^r, lu Llilnrsi and o Inijiann. (W) bin DcniarJiuo Cuunlj: San BtraanilnDidJolnclDdia IB Ciiinao. (MjSan DIrgo Coiiiily: Fort Yuinn also InciudM 1 Clilnuo; Julian, B Chlncw; Poivy.l Cliineso; San BieeoCiW, 03 Ciilnp.j nnrtalndlan.; Snn Lui" Hsy, 2DIndianf. -. a - v, (i&uJoa6Cily,mCbtnc«. 9) &,nlaCr.11 County: r»j^ronl«) !pcl"a« M Cli n«<.: f (j) Slakijoii County neao; Klnmilli,*-! Clili EOflCblnBonnJilnillnns; Siiiri (k) Solnno County: llffiicin n1 rmlriu. 1 Clliiliae; MoDlowima.M Clil Uliusrc^itonwooJ.lM CliInoMnndfi Indian.: lIunil.uelOTQ^^^^^ .iK's i InUhin; lo>rntl,lp n. 2Clilr.™«o.ui 1 InJl"" ! '™n»J''l' ?)Slit™C«uMy:llu..Ul™IS <** CIiiDctoi Bif (t) Eicluslxo of cily ol JlBcyavillc, 1870. Alameda Aljiine Amador Butte Oalavoras Colusa Contra Costa. Del Korte El Dorado Fresno Humboldt ! 85 Inyo Kern Klamath Lake Laseen Lo9 Angeles Marin Mariiiosn Montlocino Merced Mono Monterey Napa. Nevada !S£ 455,760 20,076 080,250 442,200 284,920 03,B5O 86,640 77,430 248,422 272,800 496,400 231,120 128,700 90,600 301,725 18,150 648,570 235,900 208,950 1,114,500 43,800 27,GOO 133,100 25,700 501 ,200 287,830 6,185 178,015 144,730 139,698 44,817 31,775 10,803 86,909 79,000 158,887 61,180 22,986 50,000 07,610 1,905 151,100 88,250 70,074 358,700 3,500 12.180 30,805 8,740 247,704 544,592 fl,G25 907,394 059,175 104,224 147,753 40,694 66,290 254,064 412,025 325,259 213,705 GB,948 go,882 146,415 11,200 291,958 148,380 80,702 412,708 63,830 40,345 109,3011 128,501 671,101 1,163,914 22,752 1,588,494 977,937 006,169 262,743 107,835 203,415 452,870 520,200 605,272 347,488 104,894 251,419 260,290 22,400 725,030 322,800 204,220 1,000,464 00,487 74.02-') 107,605 139,510 1,208,809 Placer Plumas Sncrnniento San Uernandino. San Diego San Francisco.... San Joiiquin Siin Luis Obispo. San Malon Santa Barbara. , Kuala Clara Santa CruK Sjiasta Sierra Siskiyou Solaiio Sonoma Stanislaus Suttor (n) Tcbamn Trinity Tulare TiKilumnu Yob Yuba 00 28 182 20 6 1,223 149 10 75 24 171 70 40 42 47 101 284 13 "n 22 14 25 103 114 10 28 4 2 207 10 3 11 10 10 23 24 2 9 6 33 1 11 12 1 9 844 112 1,160 104 23 12,377 455 34 283 105 7CI 704 110 200 108 308 964 40 "i'ii 50 GO 105 300 512 844 112 1,091 108 21 11,252 453 34 281 94 741 704 119 200 108 290 944 40 50 60 105 300 607 62 14 271,626 148,700 1,761,179 75,276 22,200 21,170,950 421,025 36,990 230.270 170,900 3,828,900 1,292,550 100,775 304,990 160,100 434,200 720.080 212,350 ""146,000 48,450 58,100 148,600 265,526 761,600 101,270 59,430 1,107,423 32,300 7,007 7.238,528 238,470 13,480 105,225 25,460 869,026 336,607 37,915 90,765 82,209 144,780 328,684 20,700 53^00 1G,620 10,150 44,480 100,857 207,208 sa 232,743 238,041 1,904.847 68,583 29,708 20,040,321 497,009 47,633 132,116 27,948 !,560,726 810,440 77,009 367,099 103,071 416,983 740,470 147,274 ""795! 244 20,390 56,445 130.097 285,602 797,814 E = 510,595 349.861 3,904,010 174,350 67.807 37,410,829 1,074.^97 07,890 340,208 90,007 2,332,809 1.646.149 192,518 574,875 237,005 811.297 1,478,813 218,234 ""si7[oi)i 04,28-2 1"5,200 207,OSS 035,123 1,337,631 19 Tho Slato Alameda. Alpino(i) Amador (i) Dulto Calavcrtis (d) Coluiii CimUn Costa Del Norlo El Dorado (d) FrcErio Iliimlioldl Inyo Korn Cff) lilnmiith Liiko {A) Jiuaoa (i) ' Los Angulea IfariD MnrinosB SIoDaoaino (k) Morccd.... Srono [d) (0 ^[onlorcy Nftpii(A).. I Novada Placer Pliimiia {ff)(i) Gncramcnto Sun Berniirdino..., Sun Dioga Bnn Praneiico (o). Shh Jonquin (71)--. Snn Luis Ulii^po... Sun Mateo (u) Santa Bnrba Tit SnnlaClarn S:inln Cruz Slinstu (ij Sitrrn Siskiyou , Snliino Sonoma ....-,.,. Stanislaus (p) Suitor (ir) Tohnmn Trinity Tuliiro Tuoliimno tp) Yolo {g) Yubn POPULATION OF CALIFOROTA_BYCOnNTT^a AT EACH CENSUS. 1B70, C00,247 24,237 085 9,G82 11,403 8,805 0.105 8,401 2,022 10,300 0,3SG O.IJO 1,050 2,025 1,080 2,000 1,327 15,300 C,D03 1,572 7,5J5 2,807 130 11,870 7,103 19,184 11,3C7 •j.480 2C;8S0 3,988 4,9Gl 1J9,473 23,050 4,7-2 0.635 7,764 20,24G 8,743 4,173 5,619 6,848 16,871 10,819 6,499 5,030 8,587 8,213 4,533 8,150 9,600 10,851 laaEEOAn. ISGO. 379,904 8,027 10,030 12,100 16,200 2,274 5,328 1,003 20,602 4,605 2,004 1,803 11,333 3,334 0,243 3,007 1,111 4,730 5,521 16,440 13,270 4,303 21,142 5,551 4,324 00,802 9,435 1,782 8,214 3,643 11,912 4,944 4,360 11,387 7,620 7,169 11,807 2,245 3,300 4,014 6,125 4,638 16,229 4,710 13,008 1850. 92,507 8,574 10,864 115 20,057 3,530 323 4,879 56 1,872 405 0,087 708 8,047 336 1,185 378 580 660 8,444 1,636' 8,351 1,080 9,673 400,424 22,106 676 7,863 9,197 7,405 5,389 8,271 1,009 8,589 3,259 6,025 1,008 2,193 1,081 2,626 1,809 14,720 0,304 3,364 6,605 2,548 360 9,420 6,725 16,334 8,650 3,571 22,725 3,004 4,836 130,050 10.103 4,567 0,096 7,484 24,536 6,582 3,529 4,781 5,320 15,870 19,184 6,189 4,701 8,106 1,951 4,801 6,550 9,318 8,303 1B60. 323,177 8,548 " 8,252 9,737 12,540 2,165 6,185 1,841 15,015 999 2,408 1,220 9,221 8,097 4,803 2,005 1,114 4,305 6,448 14,138 10,819 3,651 21,002 2,504 1,249 52,806 9,100 1,621 8,086 3,178 11,040 4,088 8,805 0,122 0,902 7,002 11,687 2,002 3,848 3,242 8,370 3,202 14,095 4,683 11,582 1SS0. 91,635 8,541 16,802 115 10,908 3,518 821 4,184 55 1,864 405 8,876 ""796 8,G16 335 1,161 048 878 5-18 659 3,-124 '1,617 8,288 1,070 0,007 1B70, 4,272 81 1 72 84 31 81 21 12 182 15 4 2 2 134' 22 00 80 10 100 165 95 2 476 6 15 ,330 223 9 10 38 173 53 44 28 29 76 77 4 81 78 23 39 67 00 152 4,080 55 88 71 05 25 27 4B 277 3 87 23 DO 8 28 17 55 156 52 6 408 10 8 1,176 120 12 06 87 82 42 57 71 42 85 45 30 42 17 23 160 27 283 1850, 962 88 82 140 12 2 105 18 212 40,310 1,939 8 1,027 2,082 1,441 271 100 217 / 1,682 427 30 29 143 542 lis 17 j230 301 1,084 120 186 42 230 263 2,627 2,410 Oil ni3,59G 16 70 .112.030 1,020 59 519 100 1,625 150 674 810 1,440 020 473 800 203 294 1,099 99 1,524 305 2,387 34,933 193 2,608 2.177 3,057 9 2 338 4,702 809 37 638 11 4 1,843 5 17 2,147 2,302 300 1,731 2,710 139 22 415 2,208 615 14 51 192 2 104 1,0B8 18 1,962 1,781 1B70. 7,241 111 40 18 424 9 764 Q 2,035 70 311 685 61 28 1 219 126 34 642 87 2 201 03 8 2 5 34 28 54 5 137 8 153 12 2 26 64 140 4 3 117 I860. 17,798 lai 22 121 1 75 114 206 6 3,204 153 40 :!,ui4 210 7 1,054 4 411 1 5 7 108 251 H,028 8,067 41 4 149 52 SQ5 167 216 61 21 144 10 060 100 1,840 72 1 2 8 4 G Q 7 8 9 10 11 12 18 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 20 30 31 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 48 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 (a) IncluilJnE 33 Jnpnncao. fil) III ISSi Alplno rrum Anmdar, Cnlnrcnu, TA Sorodd. ami Matio. (t) The nliiniii or ISJJU !ot Contni Cmbi and iinnia CInm vera tint on tlin tcny ( ihc Ccnini ODlco, nnil IbMQ Tir Snn Fon- cisco wcro deslroj.til by (Irp. Tho conccltJ Slalp ctn*nj> oflWS glvm Ills popDlntlon of llieao lliroo counties Mfullonpi: iA.iilra Cusln.TISO; Siin Kmiicltca. X.IM 1 ninl Sand Ctata.mOi; unJ ^Ua lliu total i»|iuriillaii of tho tttnlu (laro £1 Uonulu, not nlumcil) at 2IAJ^- El Uornila wiu caCImiilal nt JO,UOU, »bicU wDiilil Dinko lliD lotal rrotublu papuUlIoa nt lliut iloto :i^,I!2. {Vide Doc. No. 14, Aji[kiii1Ix to Simnto Journnl, jih icsslun IiCgitlDture of California.) t/i IncluiUnh* 2S JupoDi: jgilaiaDSoiEtinUcd. (Ii) InlSKllJiliortgmNiipa. (0 In lEBU Lowi^n IroDi Pliiinu ani Sbuto. (i) IncludlRir^J Japnnctv. (i) In lEGO or(piDlicd. !() In lEOI uixnnlinJ. ,n) Iiicludlni; I Ju[un»o. n) InclaJIngB Jn|mnc«o. D) In ISST San Slnlco from Snn Franclaco. (i) In ID51 StunlslQui fiom Ban JuDqalri uid Tnalnmui!. NATIVE AND FOREIGN POPULATION OF CALIFORNIA. 1870. Alamcdo Alpino Amador Biitto Calaveras Colusa Contra Cosla..., IlelNurte El Dorado Fresno Humboldt Inyo Kern KliimntU Lako \ Laasen JJ03 Angales Marin Mariposa Meadocino_ Moreed Monroe " Monterey. Nnpn ' Nevada 14,382 485 5,449 7,428 4,677 5,088 6,791 1,680 6,287 4,074 4,640 1,104 2,157 793 2,483 1,178 10,984 8,701 2,192 6,147 2,190 306 7,670 5,394 10,479 7,332 160 2,561 2,720 2,699 1,938 3,140 1.058 2,000 3,787 1,074 251 1,060 365 0,021 1,031 1,155 2,046 894 64 4,519 2,438 5,070 1,722 57 300 007 280 261 430 GO 403 71 823 122 01 78 102 81 450 383 128 805 182 26 441 401 230 18 878 500 130 050 310 41 231 152 182 04 lOG 28 355 108 412 00 77 504 204 443 440 323 15 180 181 177 64 209 24 177 37 120 27 20 24 18 28 102 214 71 97 41 10 164 165 338 442 86 312 582 122 229 204 61 305 58 217 04 64 33 01 97 222 104 66 203 02 20 210 220 611 rOXElOM BORN. 774 82 143 280 170: 7o; 142. 25 173 14 354 36 25 43 21 46 141 159 63 306 54 12 134 103 577 9,865 200 4,133 3,070 4.218 1.077 2,070 442 4,022 1,302 1,404 702 708 803 480 149 4,325 3,142 2,380 1,398 on 125 2,200 1,700 8,065 733 30 120 154 70 lOG 208 11 120 23 548 71 31 33 42 15 06 183 32 310 42 10 102 114 392 065 38 409 300 280 08 549 40 407 149 180 76 34 61, 55 41 248 161 219 106 40 13 230 169 2,324 2,057 25 490 492 406 240 723 71 418 78 383 122 90 137 171 85 471 048 222 260 119 22 441 612 1,800 315 18 41 08 51 38 214 9: 128 10 61 20, 13 17 13 6 05 04 37 05 11 4 80 55 168 1,202 19 326 430 409 215 802 53 584 52 136 122 74 60 45 26 035 273 146 100 50 22 160 272 682 288 7 152 129 850 20 79 7 151 33 24 40 26 317 134 113 9 18 1 121 46 237 43 84 16 35 48 14 42 12 03 10 41 8 21 G 1 28 68 14 120 Plocer Plumas Sacrnmciilu Sail Bernardino. SnnDicijii Snn Francisco... San Jonqtiin Snn Luis Obispo SanMiitco Santa Barbara... Santa Clam Snnta Cruz Shnsta Sierrn Siskiyou Solonn Sonoma Slanialuus Sutter Tclinma Trinity Tiilnre Tuolumno Toto Yuba 0,107 2,414 16,228 3,326 3,748 75,754 14,824 3,833 3,497 6,538 17,241 6,758 2,037 2,816 4,321 11,263 15,066 6,147 3.940 2,834 1,397 3,077 4,182 7,778 6,1-14 2,579 887 7,100 1,001 1,029 38,491 0,576 2,320 1,935 4,302 9,207 3,019 1,147 1,305 1,763 4,532 0,923 1,884 1,492 1,009 712 1,727 2,408 2,809 2,760 051 213 1,645 194 290 12,612 1,149 132 381 310 1,423 696 197 314 312 1,1:02 1,056 321 254 209 130 163 265 002 550 223 91 549 157 111 664 911 222 08 225 876 222 200 00 245 T97 ,363 505 399 278 37 455 SO 890 230 240 50 008 16 108 7,147 500 42 185 90 614 221 55 84 09 600 342 107 44 43 32 16 214 137 150 100 653 93 127 1,110 58G 120 92 187 651 223 180 128 230 601 623 242 292 130 01 106 82 477 366 341 141 487 23 90 2,050 445 24 180 112 380 328 45 172 112 390 424 154 70 25 GO 28 249 128 279 lOneiDK DOKK. 5,190 2,075 10,602 060 1,208 73,710 6,226 930 3,138 1,240 9,005 1,985 1,230 2,803 2,527 6,008 4,103 1,862 1,081 753 1,816 566 3,068 2,121 4,707 201 122 642 32 122 2,307 305 56 192 06 090 187 38 221 02 466 565 94 61 41 45 39 82 193 167 649 248 905 170 98 5,419 635 70 197 134 796 196 86 494 128 471 383 140 114 51 93 50 380 224 263 810 287 2,429 78 172 25,804 1,681 101 084 169 2,366 596 167 400 246 2,443 1,281 817 270 125 201 71 659 489 927 104 40 187 34 36 1,087 123 34 06 34 163 66 29 09 35 176 187 35 50 19 20 18 80 62 78 671 150 1,634 85 MO 13,002 1,084 04 258 118 1,007 265 209 344 241 643 642 179 240 135 171 78 389 483 434 78 09 179 18 29 i,546 189 33 87 92 -181 40 61 106 67 82 84 44 34 11 37 6 141 30 102 70 65 100 3 11 1,170 65 5 00 13 96 35 II 32 24 53 92 71 33 10 20 5 40 36 28 ,Dri<.In,not.t.lod; Ain»dor,34i ElDoiBdo.8; S^mcnlo.S; Sun Fn.acl«o, 28; BoaJoa^mn.a; Saab. 01^ I. -^ ^ 20 CALIFORNIA SELECTED STATISTICS OF AGBICULTUKE. 1870. 1 2 3 5 7 8 D 10 11 12 13 M 15 Ifi 17 18 10 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 29 80 31 82 83 34 35 36 37 88 89 40 41 42 43 44 45 4G 47 48 49 60 Alnmcda Aljiiiio Ainudor BHtlo..... Calftvoraa Coliwn Contra Costn Dol Norto ElDorndo Fresno Humboldt Inyo Ktrn Klumtttli. Lake Lusaon Lo3 Angoles Marin Marinosn Jlloiitiocino Morced Mono Monterey Napii Nevada Pliicer Phirniis Sncrnmcnto San Bornnrdino tiim Diego Htm I'ranciseo ....- Siin Joaquin San Luis Obispn Sun Mfttco Sanin Barbani Hanta Ulura Simta Cruz Shnatft Biorra Siskiyou Solano- Sonoma Stanialmia Sutler Tehumn Trinity Tulate Tuoluinnu Yolo Tuba Acres. I Dollars. 178,601 10,747,770 12,365 41,684 187,985 41,000 223,337 273,100 9,877 73,823 24,530 89,851 4,' ' 0,066 3,800 17,608 37,S5S 234,883 247,186 24,184 r>2,043 474,756 0,190 150,201 38,539 7,074 71,067 06,131 318,669 7,129 10,963 3,792 428,061 467,846 44,626 40,026 168,316 38,852 22,332 13,204 66,674 360,636 402,026 389,239 107,966 185,390 2,307 85,028 18,736 807,159 79,281 55G tiS; 82,800 486,400 2,423,300 221,245 4,403,064 4,936.636 166,950 072,285 629,705 1,244,775 148,520 839,650 09,850 718,100 297,800 4,245,885 5,632,313 840,500 1,364,643 2,324.112 84,300 6,150,208 1,998,190 608,760 994,200 441,610 6,052,100 191,242 782,602 6,817,400 7,874,365 1,800,673 8,397,701 6,823,963 12,022,722 1,870,800 324,970 170,950 724,755 10,170,758 10,079,183 4,302,840 2,-072,288 1,353.815 78,550 812,900 296,365 8,720.686 1,350,827 DollarB. 2,310,062 105,490 863,983 1,446,591 889.388 2,011,830 1,421,895 00,617 498,443 229,069 657,212 157,221 192,925 117,949 316,928 205,385 939,859 1 625,171 095,330 616,373 754,769 88,822 1,640,107 609,846 371,605 1,203,275 380,051 2,674,109 133,140 160,920 816,761 4.376,675 767,715 1,190,793 847,902 2,700,125 381.195 299,628 180,230 567,573 3,170,536 2,509,718 2,718.036 918,417 880,234 88,825 818,910 268,256 8,022,366 906,224 DollaTS. 1,119,485 264,700 280,687 851,856 401,60'J 1,872,859 053,346 65,888 449,439 680,010 727,660 228,308 419,125 78,756 814,210 364,241 1,177, 1,898,556 239,571 676,257 1,428,876 107,150 2,036,652 850,160 181,270 341,770 542,346 1,504,770 151,530 645,277 280,355 1,692,119 1,559,818 745,543 947,840 1,487,076 319,375 206,119 116,285 880,365 1,532,995 2,178,096 1,382,913 611,798 908,047 04,478 1,104,817 284,196 1,288,494 673,927 A'o. 6,947 500 1,686 4,316 1,781 6,906 7,033 394 2,096 8,074 4,329 1,514 1,685 284 1,984 2,022 9,652 2,671 1,110 4,405 2,302 723 8,017 1,756 786 1,767 1,440 9,462 970 5,687 Oil 14,130 4,485 3,238 3,777 7,926 1,729 1,473 464 4,654 6,862 10,616 10,137 4,754 3,069 185 4,500 1,283 8,789 3,104 No. 647 16 141 272 76 670 658 37 120 263 460 98 163 175 01 635 115 112 483 601 82 403 311 21 107 186 628 109 723 1 776 469 359 33d 270 101 167 641 462 1,046 1,110 1,139 334 267 23 270 203 1,206 288 A'o. 3,663 No. 36 1,471 2.330 1,095 2,666 5,866 707 8.809 1,009 6,091 783 028 "372 1,827 1,791 2,408 18,055 923 8,431 872 646 0,370 1,128 1,148 1,563 8,405 9,060 622 1,268 3,169 6,990 4,813 5,140 2,165 7,558 2,168 1,207 887 2,631 4,123 14,960 2,271 3,023 2,157 426 2,039 1,681 3,688 2,909 68 56 01 14 23 88 188 437 282 110 118 83 72 48 48 244| 117 143 119 101 139 97 24 69 220 106 10 839 1 50 01 269 lltODCCED. 18 508 7! 48 114 43 392 17 100 11 80 54 48 53 63 No. 46,692 67,165 28,914 76,864 85,214 176,063 26,650 067 17,887 139,677 12,060 521 90,200 17 10,307 703 247,003 2,067 18,442 49,880 46,525 101 208,877 6,006 504 26,596 12,042 113,304 13,121 16,448 1 70.889 191,909 6,635 189,858 49,085 819 3,520 402 12,844 41.890 68,38 118,400 35,073 130,808 130 147,801 80,117 83,087 12,640 No. 4,042 216 5,380 19,242 8,178 33,540 7,679 1,859 4.123 15,616 10,060 088 753 1,057 11,647 1,657 5,702 6,606 8,577 18,109 9,054 669 13,062 6,243 1,137 7,421 1,342 14,749 1,006 1,683 425 27,937 3,310 5,829 3,947 8,135 3,403 11,155 437 7,499 17,133 28,588 14,693 10,090 19,459 871 15,408 4.266 20,855 13,947 BmheU. 854,888 1,294 16,678 746,102 8,341 701,174 925,054 7.423 8,997 10,765 32,284 13,629 13,700 2,360 87,010 12,904 12,210 67,S80 4,275 06,639 218,162 0,144 744,003 264,240 685 102,402 16,212 126,135 10,350 32,947 BuslieU. 27,288 308 86,760 16,490 4,585 2,830 280 505 681 8,930 10,022 22,015 3,576 1,506 11,015 206 454,896 320 466 0,878 14,456 325 3,570 10,190 306 1,000 190 62,280 12,260 9,330 BiiahcU. 69,080 8,113 130 0,140 67, 208 137,0^ 2,175 690 2,375 3,894 36,497 268 297,744 300 120,971 760 4,173 21,411 3,780 190 2,510 03,474 10,910 60 260 2,360,925 38,864 107,049 20,200 1,188,137 115,687 29,569 7,794 116,107 1,949,418 018,425 1,650,725 073,749 404,722 9,898 63.605 21,920 2,025,612 147,347 37,350 25,982 278 168,374 13,084 22,795 2,455 3,167 3,750 145,792 15,700 26,513 625 795 9,760 137 2,140 33,245 600 780 294,318 511 15,134 56,090 2,227 8,260 131,383 5,442 323,961 4,160 3,801 1,460 40 1,320 27,867 BtLtlicls. 008,976 8,209 51,816 839,098 37,396 386,408 358,360 2,550 8,642 18,875 -81,907 4,905 20,270 550 07,946 93,926 153.080 37,765 8,135 64,670 142,436 i2,704 681,116 34,890 200 57.261 10,345 589,613 61,906 18,745 600 1,027,016 120,601 171.207 187,871 405,575 72,155 54,030 10,416 65,138 443,400 193,456 632,950 452,911 108,323 735 85,110 7,995 499,926 270,271 dmux FnDDDcn. B Pounds. 198,910 57,290 43,700 24,445 06,357 37,677 158,986 85,863 215,530 6,000 112,580 20,940 3,150 6,275 84,268 69,494 25,836 2,107,755 8,290 02,692 232,530 8.5.686 423.385 50,860 60,741 72,126 234,725 439,835 21,510 11,528 Pound*. 430 50 950 3,000 8,545 600 64,890 27,691 400 850 200 03,340 1,700 8iKI 381,300 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 1!1 22 292,060 156,340 285,460 81.088 179,075 120,055 30,150 39,200 95,800 119,909 1,060,266 52,625 117,875 08,185 8,820 87,490 26,760 186,929 100,6'.'5 330 229,208 4,1110 713,6601 23 24 l.COO 25 850 1 26 27 8e,i';"n' i'8 7.WI0, -J:* 2,300 liO 31 25,111 341,259 469.295 84,600 525,:i90 120,225 2,190|B8 I 39 2,300 4,000 246,900 200 200 350 18,750 8,280 • BKUBcUoa cf.prliie" ""! "«1°"'" '""""loia Iho ™iurD. ot«UL.lfrum O-tiforait^ M^. Map Number One CALE 50 Chains to an Inch R rt w SEE PAGE 34 l:^ residence: of L. W. BUCK. /•liasahts viLLtr. SoLttio Count!, Gal, K-» 44 .'/ ' , I ScAug_ 50 Chains to an Inch I / 26 C u r r ^ 04O A S£yj ^ 5 b ^ ^- - Ji . c . c '*.? ^DS. M ^. %, '^OSTEJcf/// h •S/A52 'X^ \x^y •UOA H Majmtt yr ,i' ji ffrlifftiJ- ! / . \f ^ c*^ • 54- ^/^TSCV* Jff jr*. a^tf.^ - /" ^ JJ U.I t o n n fe.o ^ .n^ KM feojt ICuh I. ,.'2 5 *' K \ t60~d z ^ \ ^ A/" C (fOW ./ D i^ J' (irf i I' f •fff i? \».i S'f-O ^ JI. I' / ' / --f '^ /> ^^ ^M jji:- ", CnJvrr- J^ppt'n i/rr Sltiixfjtf SCH A. BuinM\ fSOA ,'j i -I I ^y.'.f -1 : + .... i Ca.t.J'-.K- R Co- MOA A Jt J t II rl e fu u L 'V rij tf ct K f *—h J n 3 e f* h M' Westtrn I'uC- H H. Ci> D I I c 28 .-.*-^'" ___J) +4-D- 29 NUMiEB_TiJEE ^C ii SEE PAGES 38 a39 ;s2 INFIRMARY AT rAIFFIELD, SOLANO COUNTY, CAL '-^ , {Residence of W.J. PLZASANTS .Tleasants Valley, Solano Co.,Cal. Residence OF FRANK WILLI AMS,Yacav,lle, Solano County.Cal. aOBiRT M.,.'. ffr.,»r«rE ft UND/^G, Memi La^oi^g. Solaho Cou.ir, C.uro.s.A, R^,ozHc. r>f L.B.MIZNER. RFNICIA . Solaho Co-.Cl ;ES 26 a 27 ScALESO CHAIh4S AN NQH ).> Il.l'if'-r lOuA. imA. .7. III!A \Vi',stPfn |[ I'at'itif Ji.H.rv • 040.1 ItiuA . 64hA. 04O A. ^-i. ami •if ft ^5 2 .-__§. CP. moA.. r& I'ltintnifr pp J.'iliA f-lt.P.i'esL' fb/jrt /tJoA G iVLrtior'e '2 7 ; ^ Ctrul ('otiLUllTLlJ M9 C 34 9SOA. QED find- -. y ^•^ i GWA. SSaD tooA Vn-iversify 24 ^ 6-/OA- iVf.stPf't/ 25 Parilic B40j. Gdji.n''.isoA 320A 4.UfsrSn\ X ,.,,_ B@. ^ 3SoA proa:inent aUILDINQ&\ I M.E. CHURCH 2 OATHOUC CHURCH 3 OAMPBELLITE CHURCH 4 VAC A HOTEL s HURLEY HOUSE J 2fOj HiA. SCJl. J.Ctthi I60A n.T.riant .r.:oA O im.l. ^eil. If,-'"*- liuiA . T? TT -p. a. p s\ ""^ R nr :e -, ::; U4A rrv 1 ^* ^w^^SCA l-g 40 C HjUN S _T0^ AN INCH .ii» ./ w.'Sof * (k o^.'/Vl J-Mf^anti «»x j a- tf rtfJ2»wi/rt-|_~" /^ i^n^n i J-F.O.vffoorl WCw^^-^r/ /J7^ ;/: ij '". ^ i - • i _ a».rf ^ 4. StAbtea' + -' John .Wf/f/' JilJ -- .>v 'if- - X. Kdmoml.v 2iS I) a rife/ Mr /'f-ary < I ' O « r j^mAz -Oil) *j^"^ r-lci73 .- ~—̂ J^lMo r't: i s --^^ I ^1 '-/ ///,... t- • - - - - r. S\vu II ef 33 i.^:^ iS >r^^£M^UMtKiy '- J- :r"~-T^: ^'--tsi.O MM' hint lln.iltuufX H mf<^^ ( its ^^^^^•^ ...'//^^tii'Ki^^ ,^ ; . IPiP:^! C/3 (337)^ _^ LiaD— tuirt _ _ /re^T 1 ' 'h /-''hiA nuzn ---^ \ J5l ^^oA^'J-^- II w. / SEC P A G- E ^.. li. w. A ro Ml A P MUM B E R SIX SEE PAGES J4 R. II W SjJAiNs TO A N Inch 44 M? Map Numbe r Seven JVAT^A _ tieJO hmwfti "^ii'i.u I Jiiifttut%eiiietit C O 'U^^T Y I—L- I ::^rX^ ^ /• J/. /Ue^e > ^ & v^ 5^ Jit.vJiV/.sofi :S ;i ^ J^e.^TiJk}' ^ - T ^S ^^^^TKA ro^^^^ p r' . / // tt* Map Number SEE PAGE 46 ,/ .i\ A' .<>^^ N v' %f \ VALLE JO SOLANO CO. CAl., KKiii /;, I („ „i, hull 1 y yudvjo Lun^/ and jfiLi-ow imni Cunuuiu,, j/^ . ..' -TM 3T ' --(*; T7 '.L-^O-Sr OFFICE >f..., l^X-^JTY HALL y^''^nu7 \^ . ^^f^'TfST Church ,. •V'fiiu.^ii: \ 4 \ PBFSB^ Church __ 5 I Public schoo~l__ 6 I Bernard house 7 I HOWARD HOTEL S\ GRAIN WAREHOUSE 9 I UPPER DEPOT to \ LOWER DEPOT STARR MiLLS ^ OF V A L L K J o ^^^ii if: i r ' 11\ -* , ,- .]^ir-,T^ .1> isl M A T{ E O I, lU iJ I S L A N I) /> -/ A 4 lllll'fitlk'l LJ ^ / V \ A N >• ''^ ./ > V K I) THC RT RtV. V/.INGRAHAU KIP. D.D LL.O CX-OrnciO PRCSIOEItT THERT ff£V. J.H.D.WINGFICLO.D.D LL.O. VICt-rfr£SID[»T &TREASURER Mff.SAMUU C-GlfAY. SECIfECTAtiy. ST AUGUSTINE'S COLLEGE,BENiaA,SOLANO CO.,CAL. J! ti liiamiiAU H.f.iiii'.U D.fntsjoim J H Vtmoiirto LL D. Vici P» 9 J •r MISSOURI ^^ 'JJi / 3 ^ « J [5 IE " 1^ 9 J 7 ST K ' .' e c/) -TT^ r- ' rj CO ' J t- f - "a " ^ / 1 £ J J' e 13 tl -1 3 9 PTZBZrc 1 2 \ * ff 6 m " 10 9 d ^ ST SplTARE ^^E- e f i J -- - J rf ft 1 ^. t " _l_ "1 .f ' / J .1 .< f « 'I It c 3 J _J ^ 7 C a J 1 J " K 7 f 5 ^' Imum A f(ESIO£NC£ Of A.C.HAVfKINSJSBOACRESJ EiUIRA TP.SOU Ainu 1 1 I [ 1 1 1 1 i.ua ^^R^: - *. . - •*«>:a**-»»***.4«**JuE,4^^i.*l^^«^-^^ . ^^'<'»».>glA^ »»aliJ».ajH^^,,^; 1-1 f^lSIOeNVi Ut JOHN S t>IAYtS.OIA0N,.-,,^n, ,^_ 03 65 BUSINESS DIEECTOEIES OP THE CITIES AND TOWNS OF SOLANO COUNTY. '^AE«£«S 1853 1874 1853 1853 1850 1854 185L' 1858 1851 1840 1855 1855 1807 1857 1805 1857 1870 1857 1805 1852 1875 ISuf 1850 1852 1870 1854 1873 1874 18S8 1870 1874 1871 1807 185S 1875 1804 1801 1809 1857 1804 1802 18G2 1874 1854 1855 181)4 1857 1853 185B 1851 1855 1850 1856 I8f4 1857 1671 1801 1S70 1858 1805 1852 1875 18001 1R70| 1850 1870 1859 1873 KDC& Furmor- Qrain dcnicr Former Prop, wnter works. Pormcr Hotel proprietor.... pflrmor Builder Former Mcrclmnl Fnrmer ^Carriuge mnkor.... Farmer..... Blacksmith & Jobbing. Maryland.—. Germany Maine- Denmark Caniida Tennessee Qcrninny New York TcnncsBce England N. Brunsivifk. 3Ifle?ncliu-8 18G5 1858 1871 18fi0 1850 18M l«54 186!) 1852 lfl«7 1849 1857 1807 186a 1875 1810 1852 18-38 1SG>1 1800 1859 18157 1858 Bio Vista. 1850:1869! Germany.. Missouri,. 18H6 18139 1849 18C2 18GG ISGd 1840 1854 18G3 1850 1851 185G 1849 18091 1800 1866 1807 180G 18'J7 18(10 1864 1859 1808 1851 1807 1856 783 100 475 820 SCO IGO 820 IGO 240 4500 720 1420 180 460 80 lao 820 Hdlmes, N JH'" Howard, C. W | IngorsoU. John D— James, Wm. B Johnsi'n, James— .- Jobnson, J"hn McCormick, D MpLeod, James Mod'ail, John Ostrnnder, J. D Poiirson, J. S.-. Perry, James M Peteraon, A. H Piolrr-ycki, M.....-- Palmer, Lyman L.. Benvis, Wm. H Rogers, O. G Iliink, Mrs. L. C... Sidwtll, J.M Screnson, S. P Tryon, L Watson, llobcrt WnstgutoBroa Williams, W.T Young, Edmund.... Visla... Triitkman- Farmer Merchant. , Farmer Jtcrchunt.. Farmer Carpenter Farmer Merchant Warobouao Physician and surgeon, .Scboo! lenclior Mprchanl Farmer Hotel keeper Saloon Furniture dealer Staek and dairyman Farmer. Merchants Farmer Toxns England Canada Denmark Pennsylvania. Scotland.- > Novo Scotia.,,, Massachusetts New York , Missouri Illinois Denmark Poland Illinois N. Carolina... Now York Canada Ohio Di-nmurk , Connceticiit... Scotland Ohio England New York MM (eSuU IvCs. 1853 1870 18i'>2 18G5 1860^1862 1811211807 1852! 1856 18r>4';1608 18li7jl607 18*17 18G8 1850 1860 18751 1875 1853|166it 1853 1869 Itio Visio.. ISfiG 1807 1878 18G5 18G0 1873 1878 18GD icroL 130 379 100 820 217 1852 1876 1852,1870 1862 1853 1863' 1870 1850 1866 18081868 1660 18G0 1862 1868 1805il866 906 200 100 278 BEWVEBLTOW TOWWSKI^ BBIIIIIIOL Arnold, G. C Bornes, Natban,.,,.. Bilhell, Zachurio.... Carrington, John B Dnniiil?, G, N Depu;j', S. H Dutrcills, John Garfleld, C. E Uttgun, Patrick ICoiroe, John Lombie, John Larson, S Denverton, Parmer. SiTITiTI- ant IllinoiG Ohio Now York.. Indiana , Maine New York.. Fronce Ohio Ireland Obi Norway 1853 1854 1850 1862 1855 1854 1859 1852 160S POSMmflB. Denverton..1853 1850 " 186U " 1857 '• 1858 " 1872 Collinsvillo. 1802|DonTOrton... 1867 " 186SlRio Vislu.., 18G0il8G4| " 1854' l854:Denverlon.. 1851 1867 " SlI.Dt ItKf. 400 820 1440 470 160 240 170 160 160 320 100 320 SUE. Morrill.W. D Moses, Prod Mii/./.y, L Kelson, C. A Nursp, S. K Spencer, William. Stewart, John Stewart, Samuel... Stewart, William. Sullivan, Daniel... Tormcson, Carl.... "Wockwerth, A.... RSIDEHOE. Denvo on. Fnrmer. and merohont.. KMiraT. ami mSUk Maine New Jersey-. Norway New York... Ohio Scotland Ohio Ireland Norway Prussia 1873 1858 1858 1849 1854 18S7 1819 1873 1875 i'867 1840 1854 1808 1850 Denverton.. Rio Tiflta... Denverlun.. 1849|]861 " 1855:1857 " 1854 1854 " 1800 1864, Bio Vialo.. Va.tt Inn. 820 1720 800 ICO 800 160 160 3500 480 800 320 E20 ^£iE:ssos9rir xo^wisfshs^- tuns. Adams, F. H Agee, C. C Boyens, Peter.... Bouchard, Andrew, Buhmann, D Bulkley, B Cloiilmun, J. F , Fcndner, Valentine Foster, G. W Guthrie, B. J Herbert, W. B fio&'ner, Louis Tremont.. Farmer. Foster Station Tremont.... Sheep raiser Farmer Mechanic Parmer Farmer and warehouse... Farmer siTmn, iiat loStiU JIaBsachusoltfl. Virginia Prussia Canada Germany How York N. Hampshire. Prussia Jlissouri Virginia Maryland Germany 1850 1849 1866 ami Dixon ,1860 18G5 18GS 1860,1802 180lll861 1852 1 1860 1849 1861 1853] 1854 1853 185G 1862 1854 1850 1 803 1808,1869lDi5on »ST.cm!IS, DllTlJn'li.,Yo1[)CQ Dixon Duljt'lc.YolDCo Fo.1803 iniTinr-ic.VaioCo 1849il854!Dixon 1863 18G3i " 1849 1855 Davbi'kYoloCo 1861 I860' to. el icrs. 600 284 160 320 800 154 160 480 160 12 700 BXA.XNE ^RAIRSE XO-«r WSIKX:^. Bell, J. M Bennett, Albert Bcntloy, H. N Brown, D. B Brown, O. A Brown, tibermaii ... Christenson, Chas,.. Edwords, Jaa.„ King, J. A. J Lewis, James H Morithew, 0. H Maine Prairie. Former and blaeksmitb. Hotel keeper... Merchant WTmri. USUU Ohio Connecticut ... New York N.Hampshire. Massachusetts. Sweden Cape Breton.., Mississippi Scotland California 1861 1S52 1857 1852 1857 1852 1854 1859 1853 1866 1852 When 111 Co. 1873 1863 1862 1302 1864 I SOI 1855 1862 18511 1807 1852 Binghaniton. Maiao Pra... Binifhamtan. Elmirn Dixon , Maine Pra... Ko-ot Icrn. 160 320 320 IGO 160 660 160 320 320 160 McElwaine, W. J.. Miles, John A Petrus, P.W Plummer, Chas. E. Porter, F. J Eavn, Cyrus , Bust, Jesse Stcworl, Chas Triplett, Samuel.... Vonpelt, E Maine Prairie.. Farmer. Blacksmith Farmer SiTIYin. I -VUa I Tbia i ami tame IcSliU lo h. New York. Canada Missouri.... Michigan.,. New York. Ohio Scotland.... Virginia.... Ohio 1852 1874 18r,9|18G0 18,5211857 187l!l87l 1855 1867 1863 1805 1866 1862 1860 1SG3 1865 1867 1857 1874 Bingham ton. Maine Pro... Dixon liinghamton. Elmiro Maine Pro.., Bingham ton Ito.Qr 840 480 160 160 IGO 320 163 550 175 160 ElUS^XE^A XOIRFWrSHI^. Allifiun, J. & Co Barrett, J, H Chandler, P. B Clark, Jumes A Davis, W^ B Farmer, Frank H... Farmer, W. G.,...„ Froet, T. Q Fry, Wm. H.... Elmiro . BDSIDESS. General morchundiso Notary Public & Just. oC Lumber dealer [Peace Farmer and stock dealer., and teacher.... Fimni. Ohio New Jersey., Now York..., Kentucky.... Wisconsin- New York... Vermont Ohio (oSuti ostb 1853 1852 1852 1655 1869 1869 1862 Vhtn loCo. 1870 Elmiro 1867 " .... 1870 " 1668 " 1855 Vocaville., 1800 Elmiro 1869 ' .... 1868 " .... 1860 1862 830 200 16G 220 IGO 320 Harkinsou, Chas,., Howkins, A. C...., Hyatt, A. A Mclntyro, Hugh,., Rogers, James R.. Weir, James C.... Williams, Frank.. WilmotjJ. D Elmiro. Fruitgrower Farmer Fruit grower Prop. "Hurley House"... Fanner Fruit grower Farmer , Minister , HIIITBT, Wien Wkca tsSUU IaCo. Pennsylvonio.. Virginia Connecticut.... Ireland Mi.ssouri. .,..,... Indiana Missouri Kentucky posT.(imtii 1874ll874 Balavia..., 1852j 18521 Vacovillc, 1640 1871 " 185-l|1857lElmira... 185311863 1873 1864 1873 1874 1854 1876 Vacavillo.. Elmiro.... r9.

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Museum of History Benicia

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