Name/Title
Hove Borough Police plain truncheon c1920Entry/Object ID
641Description
Undecorated dark brown hardwood truncheon, with domed top, 4 groove grip and leather riveted wrist strap, 15 inches (38 cm) in length. Stamped on the tip end "HOVE POLICE" with an unusual curved stamp. No maker's stamp or mark.Use
For a police officer to use as protectionContext
Decorated police truncheons became less common in the 1870s, and in 1887 the Metropolitan Police reduced the length of its truncheons from approximately 17 inches in length to 15 and a half inches long. This was as a result of the Met. abandoning the use of truncheon cases hanging from a belt. Instead they were to be carried in a special pocket sewn into the trousers, which necessitated a smaller truncheon, something that the City of London Police had already adopted (Wilkinson 2002). After some experimentation with different woods, the Met. began to issue plain cocus wood truncheons in 1887/88 and it is thought that these had handles consisting of 4 grooves, moving away from a multi turned grip. Other police forces followed suit and by 1900 a 15 to 16 inch truncheon with such a handle became standard issue. There were some variations but these truncheons were much more utilitarian than the earlier Victorian examples, having no decoration and were often made of exotic hardwoods for strength and durability. This style of truncheon remained in use with British police until the 1990s when an increase in knife crime led to the adoption of longer polycarbonate and extendable batons.
The truncheon pictured is typical of what police officers across Sussex would have carried throughout the first half of the 20th century. Such truncheons are difficult to date accurately but during and after the Second World War exotic hardwoods tend not to have been used to make truncheons, and as time went on they got lighter and lighter. Indeed many hardwood truncheons only date up to the 1920s. The other thing to bear in mind is that like all police equipment, truncheons were re-issued many times and even in the 1980s some officers may have been carrying truncheons originally made in the early 1900s. This particular example is stamped on the end "HOVE POLICE". Hove Borough Police was amalgamated in April 1943 with the other forces in Sussex into the wartime Sussex Police Force. However when all of the other forces regained their independence in 1947, Hove was disbanded and absorbed into East Sussex Constabulary under the 1946 Police Act. This dates the truncheon to certainly before1943, almost certainly to before the war and most likely the 1920s. The stamping is very well done possibly with a stamp made especially for the purpose.