Label Type
Object LabelLabel
Secretary Bookcase, 1809-1816
Saco, attributed to the shop of Joshua Cumston and David Buckminster
mahogany, mahogany and birch veneer, pine
John S. Locke Collection, gift of the estate of Almira Locke McArthur
Label Type
Cultural/Historical ContextLabel
This secretary originally belonged to Daniel Cleaves, a well-to-do merchant in Biddeford. Desk and bookcase combinations were intended to house books, ledgers, correspondence, and other papers, as well as writing tools. As such, they served as a businessman's "office." Most had a standard combination of spaces: pigeonholes for correspondence, slots and shelves for ledgers or account books, and drawers for other storage. Small drawers held writing equipment: quills, ink and inkstands, powders (for blotting), papers, and ribbons for tying up correspondence. The green stained finish in the upper case is original, as are the drawer pulls. The pediment would have originally had either turned wooden or brass finials, now missing. When Cleaves died in 1818, his probate inventory included “1 mahogany secretary $30.” The only furniture items in the inventory with higher values were a sofa at $35 and a tall clock at $50. The desk was also listed in Sarah's estate in 1838 as a “secretary and bookcase,” but by then the value had dropped to $12.