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Pakistani artist who throughout his career has focused on calligraphy, language, abstraction and minimalism. This work takes its inspiration from calligraphy and the palette of black and white is a reference to the printed page of a book, but the artist maintains that the work does not denote any meaning and the inspiration is from the forms of letters rather than the written text. While his source of imagery is derived from the world around him, he works relentlessly to render it characterless and meaningless. The rhythmic optical illusions created by the repeating black symbols against the white background mimic the auditory experience of chants visually. (From Contemporary Chronicles)