F04_P03: Aftermath of the Civil War in Spain Refugees in France
1941 January 14, Front side - Envelope from German internee to Memphis, Tennessee. 2007.4.3.a
Tan envelope with cursive handwriting in English using blue ink. At the top right corner are three stamps. One black-and-white 10-franc stamp depicts the Château de Vincennes. To the left are two purple-bluish 2.50-franc stamps depicting Ceres, a roman goddess facing to the left. At the center left edge are two red 1-franc stamps depicting Ceres facing to the right. Three cancellations are present. The most legible is at the center right and dated January 1, 1941.
Name/Title
F04_P03: Aftermath of the Civil War in Spain Refugees in FranceEntry/Object ID
2007.4.3Scope and Content
1941 January 14, envelope from German internee to Memphis, Tennessee.Context
The largest contingent of International Brigades fighters comprised German anti-fascists, many of whom were disillusioned former Nazi storm troopers. Volunteers from most countries eventually returned to their home countries after the Republican defeat in Spain, but German and Italian anti-fascists would have been executed by their governments if captured, so they remained in French internment camps along with the exiled Spaniards. After northern France fell to Germany in 1940, those refugee inmates became slave laborers for the Vichy regime that governed southern France. Camp de Gurs was the largest of the refugee camps in southern France. The January 14, 1941, registered cover was sent by a German (probably Jewish) internee to a relative in Memphis, Tennessee. Above: A July 1, 1942, censored registered letter from Barcelona, Spain, to a Spanish refugee interned at a Oradour-sur-Glane, who had been transferred to a military slave labor detail, denoted by the “Groupe de Travailleurs Espagnols” (Spanish Labor Group) and “XXIe Division Militaire, 405e Groupe” (12th Military Division, 405th Group) cachets. Bisected 50-centime French stamp paid the forwarding fee on the cover from Spain.Collection
Nazi Scourge I: Primary ExhibitionCategory
Cover
Philatelic Material