F08_P13: Extermination Camp Chełmno
1942 March 27, Reverse side - Post card from Kammwald to brother, a ghetto inmate.
Tan post card with typed text in German using black ink. Cursive handwriting in black ink or pencil appears at the bottom left. Markings in red crayon or pencil are made scattered overall. A signature in black ink is present at the bottom right.
Name/Title
F08_P13: Extermination Camp ChełmnoEntry/Object ID
2007.8.13Scope and Content
1942 March 27, post card from Kammwald to brother, a ghetto inmate.Context
An old palatial estate at Chełmno, Poland (Kulmhof in German), about 70 kilometers west of Łódź, became the first Nazi camp dedicated exclusively to mass killings by gas. The first commandant of Chełmno was Herbert Lange, who previously had administered the Nazis' euthanasia program. The first transport of Jews arrived at Chełmno on December 7, 1941; there they were suffocated to death by exhaust fumes of sealed vans. A frequent visitor to Chełmno was Hans Biebow, Nazi ruler of the Litzmannstadt (Łódź) Jewish ghetto. By war's end, an estimated 200,000 to 300,000 people, mostly Jews from Łódź and the surrounding Warthegau district, had been put to death at Chełmno. No mail was allowed. Operations continued until January 17, 1945, when the Red Army approached. On a March 27, 1942, postal card from Kammwald, Bohemia-Moravia Protectorate, Karl Eisler inquired of the Nazi ghetto rulers at Litzmannstadt concerning a 50-reichsmark payment he had sent to his brother, Franz Eisler, a ghetto inmate, which had not been acknowledged. At that time, ghetto residents were forbidden to send mail to outsiders, to prevent news about the deportations and panic in the ghetto from reaching the outside world. From mid-January to mid-May of 1942, 66 transports carried 54,990 Jews from the Litzmannstadt ghetto to the Chełmno extermination camp, where they were gassed to death. The card has a March 30 boxed receiving handstamp of Biebow's ghetto administration at the left.Collection
Nazi Scourge I: Primary ExhibitionCategory
Post Card
Philatelic Material