Name/Title
Article about CensusEntry/Object ID
001933Tags
Orange County HistoryScope and Content
This article from The Antiquarian presents a historical census review of Orange County, New York, compiled by Frank Drake of Goshen. It spans nearly a century of data, beginning with the first provincial census in 1698.
The most significant takeaway is the debunking of a long-held local legend: the belief that Sarah Wells was the first white woman in Orange County.
Key Census Highlights
The article tracks the explosive population growth of the region through several decades:
1698: The population was just 219 people. Notably, the census recorded 31 white women already living in the county the same year Sarah Wells was born, proving she could not have been the first.
1703–1731: The population grew steadily from 268 to 1,696. By 1723, the census began providing more detailed demographics, including specific counts for men, women, children, and enslaved people.
1737–1756: Growth continued rapidly, reaching 4,376 by 1756.
1771: The population surged to 10,092, including 9,430 white residents and 662 Black residents.
Historical Context & Geographic Changes
Rockland County: The article notes that until 1797, Rockland County was part of Orange County, meaning these figures include residents of both modern-day counties.
Boundary Shifts: In 1771, several towns—including Newburgh, Montgomery, and Wallkill—were transferred from Ulster County to Orange County. Other towns like Crawford and Hamptonburgh were formed later from these territories.