Explore Presidential Heritage in Ohio Home to eight U.S. Presidents: William McKinley 25th President of the United States (1897-1901)

Object/Artifact

-

McKinley Birthplace Museum

Name/Title

Explore Presidential Heritage in Ohio Home to eight U.S. Presidents: William McKinley 25th President of the United States (1897-1901)

Entry/Object ID

2015.4.252

Description

Six-page fold-out brochure compiled by the Ohio History Connection with the assistance of the National McKinley Birthplace Museum, the William McKinley Presidential Library & Museum and McKinley Memorial, the McKinley Memorial Library, and the First LAdies National Historic Site. This brochure tells the story of the 25th President. The front cover text reads as follows: "See why Ohio is Called The Birthplace of Presidents A. William Henry Harrison Tomb 2 Cliff Rd., North Bend, OH 45052 844.288.7709 hsmfmuseum.org Managed by the Harrison-Symmes Memorial Founndation (an Ohio History Connection site) B. William Howard Taft National Historic Site 2038 Auburn Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45219 513.684.3262 nps.gov/wiho/index.htm Managed by the National Park Service C. U.S. Grant Birthplace 1551 State Route 232 Point Pleasant, OH 45153 800.283.8932 usgrantbirthplace.org Managed by Historic New Richmond, Inc. (an Ohio History Connection site) D. U.S. Grant Boyhood Home & Schoolhouse Boyhood Home: 219 E. Grant Ave., Georgetown, OH 45121 Schoolhouse: 508 South water St., Georgetown, OH 45121 877.372.8177 usgrantboyhoodhome.org Managed by Ulysses S. Grant Homestead Association (an Ohio History Connection site) E. Warren G. Harding Home & Memorial Home: 380 Mt. Vernon Ave. Marion, OH 43302 The Harding Home is closed Sept. 4, 2017-May 4, 2019 for restoration. Memorial: Vernon Heights Blvd at Delaware Ave. Marion, OH 43302 800.600.6894 hardinghome.org MAnaged by Marion Technical College (an Ohio History Connection site) F. Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums Spiegel Grove, Fremont, OH 43420 800.998.7737 rbhayes.org/hayes Managed by the Hayes Presidential Center, Inc. (an Ohio History Connection site) G. Garfield Memorial 12316 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 216.421.2665 lakeviewcemetery.com/pointsof interest.php Managed by Lakeview Cemetery H. James A Garfield National Historic Site 8095 Mentor Ave., Mentor, OH 44060 440.255.8722 nps.gov/jaga/index.htm Managed by the National Park Service I. James A. Garfield Birthplace 4350 SOM Center Rd. Moreland Hills, OH 44022 440.248.1188 morelandhills.com/en-US/Historical-Society.aspx Managed by the Moreland Hills Historical Society J. Hiram College 11715 Garfield Rd., Hiram, OH 44234 330.569.3211 hiram.edu/about/history--of-the-college Managed by Hiram College The cover image is the William McKinley White House official portrait by Harriet Murphy. More Ohio Stops for U.S. History Lovers National Museum of the United States Air Foree (includes superb collection of Air Force One planes) 1100 Spaatz St. Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433 (near Dayton) 937.255.3286 nationalmuseum.af.mil Cleveland History Center Located in University Circle at 10825 E. Blvd. Cleveland, OH 44106 wrhs.org Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal* 1301 Western Ave. Cincinnati, OH 45203 cincymuseum.org Ohio History Center & Ohio Village 800 E. 17th Ave. Columbus, OH 43211 ohiohistory.org The Ohio Statehouse 1 Capitol Square Columbus, OH 43215 ohiostatehouse.org *Call ahead for hours The Ohio History Connection's mission is to spark discovery of Ohio's stories. Embrace the present, share the past and transform the future. Learn more at ohiohistory.org. Ohio History Connection" " 'Let us ever remember that our interest is in concord, not in conflict; and that our real eminence rests in the victories of peace, not those of war." "Explore Presidential Heritage in Ohio Home to eight U.S. Presidents William McKinley 25th President of the United States (1897-1901)" "The last Civil war soldier to serve in the White House, McKinley's administration centered on the Spanish American War. In victory, America became a world power. At the summit of fame, McKinley was assassinated by anarchist Leon Czolgosz in September 1901." Text on page 2 reads as follows: "Get to Know The McKinley Family William McKinley Born: January 29, 1843 Niles, Ohio Died September 14, 1901 Buffalo, New York Ida Saxton Born: June 8, 1847 Canton, Ohio Died: May 26, 1907 Canton, Ohio Two children: Katherine McKinley (1871-1875) Ida McKinley (1873-1873) (4 months and 2 days old) An Ohio Civil War Hero William McKinley was born in Niles, Ohio on january 29, 1843. Later the family moved to Poland, hio allowing the children to attend high school. His father was in the iron business in Ohio's Mahoning Valley. As a manufacturer, he supported a high tariff to grow America's young economy, a political view that would shape much of his son's career in public life. The McKinleys--pious Methodists--were hostile to slavery. In 1860, McKinley entered Allegheny College where he became sick or homesick. After a year he was back in Ohio. When the Civil War came, McKinley jjoined the army with the hope of saving the Union and ending slavery. McKinley's hometown company--the Poland Guards--soon merged into the 23rd Ohio Volunteer Infantry in which Rutherford B. Hayes served as an officer. At the Battle of Antietam--a victory breathing new life into the Union cause--McKinley came under very hheavy fire. In the shenandoah Valley, he rose in rank, performing his tasks dutifully. At the Battle of Berryville, McKinley's horse was shot underneath him. Eventually, McKinley was brevetted up to the rank of major. He would be the last President to have served in the Civil War. After attending law school in Albany, New York, McKinley returned home to Ohio. When hayes ran for Ohio governor, McKinley helped carry competitive Stark County for him. Two years later, McKinley unexpectedly won the office of county prosecutor. In January 1871, McKinley married Ida Saxton, daughter of a wealthy Canton family thatowned the town's main newspaper.Tragically, the couple's two young daughters died. Ida declined physically and her mental health languihed. An epileptic also, she experienced seizures under the weight of social responsibilities. McKinley was very protective and was careful to attend to his wife's special needs. Mr. McKinley, Protectionist from Canton In 2876, McKinley defended coalminers accused of rioting (McKinley maintained a record of good relations with workers, and, as preisdent, achieved a cordial relationship with organized labor). the jury acquitted the group. One of the mine owners was Mark Hanna who recognized McKinley's appeal as a candidate. Intimate friends, they would become indispensable to each other's success. That fall, McKinley, a Republican, won a congressional seat. In the House of Representatives McKinley became the leading champion of a protective tariff. McKinley believed a high tax on imported goods would shelter domestic industries from cheaper made foreign substitutes giving U.S. Producers time to grow. finally he achieved his goal in 1890, the tariff passed that year named for him. Later, McKinley served two terms as Ohio's governor." Page 3 text reads as follows: "McKinley goes to the White House Hanna encouraged McKinley to run for the White House in 1896. He raised and spent enormous sums to ensure a McKinley sweep. Many voters viewed Democrat William Jennings Bryan as a radical--hi ideas a plan for national economic ruin. McKinley supplied a vision that was nationalistic with a strong rold for government in the development of the economy. While the election was competitive, it ended with a McKinley victory and an enduring political realignment. McKinley pledged to improve economic conditions for Americans engaged in manufacturing. Early in his administration, he signed the Dingley Act into law that raised taxes on imported goods. McKinley's Adinistration coincided with advances in many scientific and industrial processes; in particular, strides in the use of electricity brought along streeet cars and machinery. In 1900, with good economic conditions in the U.S. and wages for skilled labor elevated, McKinley favored the Gold standard Act backing paper money. The Spanish American War Alters Amerricas Course McKinley expected his administration to be primarily concerned with domestic issues. But in February 1898, the U.S.S. Maine belw up in the harbor of Havana, Cuba killing 266 sailors. McKinley had sent the warship there to protect Americans and American property as Spain's hold on its rebellious colony weakened. In the age of Yellow Journalism, newspapers were shameless concocting stories portraying the Spanish government--which in truth was hapless--as wicked, lying and bllodthirsty. President McKinley tried to slow the march toward war. But when a court determined the Maine had gone down due to a Spanish mine and Spain seemed to snub negotiations aimed at Cuban independence. McKinley turned the matter over to Congress which declared war. Diplomat John Hay called it a "splendid little war." Lasting just ten weeks, it altered America's trajectory. There were famous battles. Theodore Roosevelt--who had been the Assistant Secretary of the Navy--fought with his Rough Riders at San Juan Hill, Cuba. In the Philippinesppanother Spanish colony--Commodore George Dewey destroyed the whole Spanish naval presence at Manila Bay. Defeated, Spain sued for peace. Most of what remained of its once vast empire passed to the JUnited States including the Philippines and Puerto Rico. Cuba was not annexed but would remain under American influence for decades. Not quite 400 americans were killed in the Spanish-american War. McKinley's treaty ending the conflict received final ratification at the White House. For thhe first time, the United States of America was a world power. Victory--and a return of economic prosperity--sett up McKinley's re-election, a rematch with Bryan. McKinley took on a new running mate, Theodore Roosevelt. McKinley's campaign was about kept promises--making the country stronger internally and internationally. His winning electoral margin was the largest Republican vicotry since Grant's reelection in 1872, Key Events from McKinley's time in the White House (March 4, 1897-September 14, 1901) Sousa's "Stars and Stripes Forever" premiers, 1897 Pepsi-cola, 1898 Marconi introduces radio, 1896 Scott Joplin's "The Maple Leaf Rag," 1899 Winston Churchill enters the House of Commons, 1900 Max Planck inaugurates Quantum Physics, 1900 The Hershey Milk Chocolate Bar, 1900" Text on page 3 reads as follows: "An Anarchist Kills the President Fearing anarchists, who had killed other world leaders, McKinley's staff tried to lessen his contact with crowds; but that was all but impossible. Hearing anarchist Emma Goldman speak in Cleveland, Leon Czolgosz, wanting to be a hero, set himself to kill McKinley. It was easy for the assassin to attack. On September 6, 1901, Czolgosz simply stood in line at the Temple of Music at the Pan American Exhibition in Buffalo, New York to shake President McKinley's hand. Czolgosz had wrapped his own hand as if it had been injured. But he carried a gun with whiich he fired into McKinley's abdomen at close range. McKinley shrugged the worst away. He insisted that officers, who had punced upon Czolgosz, stop beating the assailant. He issued orders to take care telling Ida the news. One bullet had been deflected. But another could not be found and doctors did not use a model X-ray machine demonstrated at the fair. For the next several days, McKinley seemed to do well.A week later he was strong enough to eat a solid food--toast and coffee; but that made him unsettled and sick. The next day McKinley started the day very ill and got worse as the hours passed. In the evening he said to Ida, "we are all going, we are all going." He died at 2:15 a.m. the next day. Czolgosz's bullet had passed into McKinley's gut. An autopsy revelaed gangrene in the stomach. with McKinley's death, the stock market crashed (temporarily) and fat excursion trains brought great hordes to see the casket. An enormous tomb of granite wass put up on a Canto hill. Another classical edifice was erected at the site of McKinley's birth, in Niles. A bronze figure of McKinley was placed on the statehouse lawn in columbus and (for over a century) the highest peak in North America bore his name. Many thought McKinley's reputation would stand alongside those of Washington and Lincoln. Convicted of murder, Leon Czolgosz was electrocuted at New york's Auburn prison. His execution was covered in the sensational style of Yellow Journalism. A Great Reputation Eclipsed Despite his leaving the nation prosperous and a world power for the first time, McKinley's stellar reputation proved fleetting. McKinley's stature might have been more enduring had he not been succeeded by Theodore Roosevelt whose effervescent personality and forward vision remade the Presidency. McKinley--the last of the Civil War generation--seemed steeped in the distant Victorian era whereas Roosevelt struck many as modern and vibrant. Many rankings of the presidents place in one of the higher tiers. The Scarlet Carnation In 1904, the Ohio General Assembly designated the scarlet carnation as Ohio's official state flower. Believing it to bring him good luck, McKinley regularly wore one on his lapel. The story circulated that on the day he was shot, a young girl asked him for his carnation as a souvenir. President McKinley obliged, removing it and handing it to her. Lurking in the receiving line was his assassin, Leon Czolgosz." Text on page five reads as follows: "Plan your Visit to these McKinley Historic Sites 1. William McKinly Presidential Library & Museum and McKinley Memorial 800 Monument Dr. N.W. Canton, OH 44708 330.455.7043 mckinleymuseum.org Managed by the William McKinley Presidential Library & Museum The Library and Museum collects materials and records related to the life of William McKinley, his family, and his career. It also tells the story of stark County and its education center offers interpretive exhibitions and programs themed on history and science. The adjacent tomb is a solemn memorial containing the remains of the assassinated president and his wife. 2. First Ladies National Historic Site Museum/Saxton McKinley House: 331 S. Market Ave., Canton, OH 44702 Education and Research Center: 205 S. Market Ave., Canton, OH 44702 330.452.0876 firstladies.org Operated by the National First Ladies' Library The IDa Saxton McKinley House--for many years the family residence of William and Ida McKinley--is restored as an education and research center telling the story of all of America's First Ladies with exhibit spaces, a Victorian theatre and library. 3. National McKinley Birthplace Memorial 40 N. Main St., Niles, OH 44446 Managed by National McKinley Birthplace Memorial Association Designed by noted architectural firm McKim, Mead and White, the marble edifice serves as both a presidential museum and local public library. McKinley Birthplace Museum 330.652.4273 mckinleybirthplacemuseum.org Managed by the National McKinley Birthplace Memorial Association McKinley Memorial Library: 330.652-1704 mcklib.org Governed by the McKinley Memorial Library Board of Trustees 4. Thw McKinley Birthplace Home 40 S. Main St., Niles, OH 44446 330.652.1704 ext. 7217 mcklib.org/birthplacehome Managed by the McKinley Memorial Library The birthplace home is a reconstruction that depicts a typical home of the 1840-50s and is loated on the site where the president was born. The site features political cartoons and memorabilia from the presidential campaigns and the assassination. Ohio is proud of all of its Presidents. At the time of McKinley's assassination, America was newly recognized for its global importance." Text on the back of the brochure reads as follows: "See Why Ohio is Called the Birthplace of Presidents A. William Henry Harrison Tomb 2 Cliff Rd., North Bend, OH 45052 844.288.7709 hsmfmuseum.org Managed by the Harrison-Symme Memorial Foundation (an Ohio History Connection site) B. William Howard Taft National Historic Site 2038 Auburn Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45219 513.684.3262 nps.gov/wiho/index.htm Managed by the National Park Service C. U.S. Grant Birthplace 1551 State Route 232 Point Pleasant, OH 45153 800.283.8932 usgrantbirthplace.org Managed by Historic New Richmond, Inc. (an Ohio history Connection site) D. U.S. Grant Boyhood Home & Schoolhouse Boyhood Home: 219 E. Grant Ave., Georgetown, OH 45121 Schoolhouse: 508 S. Water St., Georgetown, OH 45121 877.372.8177 usgrantboyhoodhome.org Managed by Ulysses S. Grant Homestead Association (an Ohio History Connection site) E. Warren G. Harding Home & Memorial Home: 380 Mt. Vernon Ave., Marion, OH 43302 The Harding Home is closed Sept. 4, 2017-May 4, 2019 for restoration. Memorial: Vernon Heights Blvd at Delaware Ave. Marion, OH 43302 800.600.6894 hardinghome.org Managed by Marion Technical College (an Ohio History Connection site) F. Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Library & Museums Spiegl Grove, Fremont, OH 43420 800.998.7737 rbhayes.org/hayes Managed by the Hayes Presidential Center, Inc. (an Ohio History Connection site) G. Garfield Memorial 12316 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106 216.421.2665 lakeviewcemetery.com/pointsofinterest.php Managed by Lakeview Cemetery H. James A. Garfield National Historic Site 8095 Mentor Ave., Mentor, OH 44060 440.255.8722 nps.gov/jaga/index.htm I. James A. Garfield Birthplace 4350 SOM Center Rd. Moreland Hills, OH 44022 440.248.1188 morelandhills.com/en-US/Historical-Society.aspx Managed by the Moreland Hills historical Society J. Hiram College 11715 Garfield Rd., Hiram, OH 44234 330.569.3211 hiram.edu/about/history-of-the-college Managed by Hiram College The cover image is the William McKinley White House official portrait by Harriet Murphy More Ohio Stops for U.S. History Lovers National Museum of the United States Air Force (includes superb collection of Air Force One planes) 1100 Spaatz St. Wright-Patterson AFB, OH 45433 (near Dayton) 937.255.3286 nationalmuseum.af.mil Cleveland History Center Located in University Circle at 10825 E. Blvd. Cleveland, OH 44106 wrhs.org Cincinnati Museum Center at Union Terminal* 1301 Western Ave., Cincinnati, OH 45203 cincymuseum.org Ohio History Center & Ohio Village 800 E. 17th Ave., Columbus, OH 43211 ohiohistory.org The Ohio Statehouse 1 Capitol Square Columbus, OH 43215 ohiostatehouse.org * Call ahead for hours The Ohio History Connection's mission is to spark discovery of Ohio's stories. Embrace the present, share the past and transform the future. Learn more at ohiohistory.org Ohio History Connection"

Collection

Scarmuzzi

Acquisition

Accession

2015.4.0

Source or Donor

Patricia A. Scarmuzzi

Acquisition Method

Gift